The role of active ingredients nanopowder Stichopus hermanii gel to bone resorption in tension area of orthodontic tooth movement

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic tooth movement is a continual and balanced process between bone deposition and bone resorption in pressure and tension sites. Stichopus hermanii is one of the best fishery commodities in

SMAD 3, Integrin and VEGF Expression in a Periodontal Ligament During Orthodontic Tooth Movement Induced by Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Stichopus hermanii

“…11 The use of marine biota for orthodontic treatment has been developed, for example, Stichopus hermanii 3% has been shown to raise tooth movement by 60% through increased bone remodeling. 12,13 The compounds contained in Stichopus hermanii include lectins, sterols, saponins/tripertens glycosides, proteins, collagen, mucopolysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate E and fucosylate, amino acids, fatty acids including eicosapentaenate (EPA) and docosahexesaenate (DHA), vitamins, namely, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, C, E, and Carotenoids. It also contains minerals such as iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc, chromium, as well as polyphenols, flavonoids, and SOD.…”

“…There was an increase in the average expression of SMAD3, integrins, and VEGF, but the most significant was integrins with P = 0.029. 13,23 Compared with other studies using low-energy laser irradiation to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, low-energy laser radiation has also been reported to have a role in fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, too. 24 Integrins are cell surface receptors composed of α-and β-subunits; it causes cell adhesion both in the cell-matrix and between cells, as well as transduces chemical and mechanical signals.…”

“…Similarly, P2 was a treatment group with helical spring installation for 14 days then on day 8-14, HBOT 2.4 ATA was added 3 × 30 minutes a day, while P3 group had helical spring installed for 14 days, then on day 3-14, Stichopus hermanii gel was applied, and on day 8-14, HBOT 2.4 ATA was given 3 × 30 minutes a day. 11,13 Cavia cobaya was prepared according to pre-determined criteria, the samples were kept in a cage and placed in a space with sufficient air and light, while food was provided by placing it in a container with https://doi.org/10.2147/CCIDE.S348234…”

“…8 Furthermore, Stichopus hermanii is a marine biota that plays a role in inflammation, wound healing, and also contains active ingredients of flavonoids, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and arginine, which accelerate the remodeling process of orthodontic tooth by 60%. 12,13 The combination of HBOT and Stichopus hermanii is thought to play a role in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Stichopus hermanii functions locally when administered topically, while HBOT acts systemically through inhalation.…”