The Role of Acrolein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Its Protective Strategy

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a massive loss of specific neurons, which can be fatal. Acrolein, an omnipresent environmental pollutant, is classified as a priority control contaminant by the EPA. Evidence suggests that acrolein is a highly active unsaturated aldehyde related to many nervous system diseases. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the function of acrolein in neurodegenerative diseases, such as ischemic stroke, AD, PD, and MS, and its exact regulatory mechanism. Acrolein is involved in neurodegenerative diseases mainly by elevating oxidative stress, polyamine metabolism, neuronal damage, and plasma ACR-PC levels, and decreasing urinary 3-HPMA and plasma GSH levels. At present, the protective mechanism of acrolein mainly focused on the use of antioxidant compounds. This review aimed to clarify the role of acrolein in the pathogenesis of four neurodegenerative diseases (ischemic stroke, AD, PD and MS), as well as protection strategies, and to propose future trends in the inhibition of acrolein toxicity through optimization of food thermal processing and exploration of natural products.

Synergistic effect of spermidine and ciprofloxacin against Alzheimer disease in male rat via ferroptosis modulation

“…Acrolein is a highly active unsaturated aldehyde involved in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD as a result of elevating oxidative stress, polyamine metabolism, neuronal damage (Chang et al, 2022) Our results indicated a signi cant increase in acrolein levels in D-gal and ALCL 3 (AD model) compared with control group which may be due to elevated intracellular iron concentration and a depletion of antioxidant enhance ROS levels which consequently induce formation of many secondary products, such as acrolein (Wang et al, 2022).Furthermore, the induction of acrolein in neuronal cells could be related to increase the expression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1) (Đorđievski et al, 2023).…”

Diet as a Source of Acrolein: Molecular Basis of Aldehyde Biological Activity in Diabetes and Digestive System Diseases

“…They damage the organs mentioned above and ultimately can result in their complete dysfunction, which threatens the health and life of patients [ 68 , 69 ]. Numerous studies indicate a large share of acrolein in the pathogenesis of many diseases related to cardiovascular diseases [ 70 ], neurodegenerative diseases [ 71 ], and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [ 5 ], as well as in the carcinogenesis of various types of cancer [ 9 , 72 ]. Accumulated evidence also clearly indicates the participation of acrolein in the development of diabetic complications, such as DR, DN, and neuronal dysfunction in patients with sugar metabolism disorders [ 4 , 73 , 74 ].…”

A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research on the role of acrolein in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis: involvement of amyloid-beta

“…Additionally, acrolein can be formed during certain cooking processes, such as frying or grilling, especially when oils and fats are heated to high temperatures ( Stevens and Maier, 2008 ; Kassem et al, 2018 ). Within the body, it can be produced as the end product of lipid peroxidation, threonine degradation, anticancer drug metabolism, and polyamine catabolism ( Chang et al, 2022 ).…”