“…6 shows the CV measurement results, and the curves exhibit clear reduction peaks. The oxidation peak of the TiO 2 valence band (~2.4 V vs. NHE) is not observed because it is not in the range of the test [32]. The CB levels can be calculated using the following equation: CB (eV) ¼ À(E redox onset þ 4.64) (eV), where 4.64 eV is the difference between the vacuum level of normal hydrogen electrode and the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode (sat.…”
Section: Photovoltaic Properties Of Perovskite Solar Cells With Diffementioning
“…6 shows the CV measurement results, and the curves exhibit clear reduction peaks. The oxidation peak of the TiO 2 valence band (~2.4 V vs. NHE) is not observed because it is not in the range of the test [32]. The CB levels can be calculated using the following equation: CB (eV) ¼ À(E redox onset þ 4.64) (eV), where 4.64 eV is the difference between the vacuum level of normal hydrogen electrode and the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode (sat.…”
Section: Photovoltaic Properties Of Perovskite Solar Cells With Diffementioning
“…The CdS quantum dots were coated on the branched ZnO nanowires by a successive ionic-layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) [21] with 14-repeated cycles. Polysulfide electrolyte was prepared by dissolving 0.5 M Na 2 S, 1 M S, and 0.02 M KCl in methanol/water solutions (7/3 volumetric ratio) [22].…”
“…The key challenges for the solar-cell developments lie in the improvement of power-conversion efficiency and the reduction of fabrication cost [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. For enhancing the power-conversion efficiency, much research has been focused on the light trapping to fully utilize broadband light with minimum optical losses [10][11][12][13].…”
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