The Rockefeller Foundation, China, and Cultural Change

Ninkovich, Frank

doi:10.2307/1899749

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The Japanese conquest of Manchuria in 1931 was only the first step in what became a much larger campaign to expand Japanese influence in northern China, a campaign that resulted in full-scale war between Japan and China in 1937. During the invasion of the North China plain by Japanese troops, the Chinese government was unable to provide sufficient medical care by itself, and PUMC doctors played an important role in caring for both military personnel and the civilians 11 "S. M. Gunn [28-30 October 1930]," quoted in Ninkovich 1984. Gunn was also a key promoter of the rural reconstruction project in northern China between 1935 and 1937.…”

Section: Physicians In China: the Coordinators Of Foreign Aidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Medical Paradigms in 1950s Taiwan

Liu

2017

East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Jo

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During the early Cold War period, medical reconstruction accelerated in Taiwan with the valuable support of the American medical profession. A common interpretation of this medical reconstruction focused on either the Japanese colonial legacy or the American heritage from China. Both arguments, however, oversimplify the complications inherent in transforming Japanese colonial medicine to meet American criteria of medical service in early Cold War Taiwan. This article explores the confrontation and conflict that made controversial the transition from Japanese colonial medicine to American standard medicine. This review of the history of the changing medical care system in Taiwan identifies a gap between the end of formal colonialism and an invisible colonialism. A new form of colonial medicine in Taiwan unveiled the current global configuration of power and culture during the Cold War in East Asia that was both similar to and different from the historical or imperial-colonial paradigm. Finally, the article touches on some thoughts on new forms of colonial medicine during the Cold War in East Asia. Keywords TaiwanÁmedical professionÁtransforming paradigmÁ subimperialismÁinvisible empire Scholarship on Taiwan history generally considers the year 1949 as either the beginning or the end of an era. This perspective is also applied to the understanding of the medical profession and practices in Taiwan. While the Japanese medical profession was most commonly associated with its colonial influence in Taiwan from 1895 to 1945, medicine in post-WWII Taiwan soon adopted certain aspects of American medicine from the time of the retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan in 1949, resulting in the creation of a hybrid model of medical service in contemporary Taiwan. Under this system, the professional criteria of Japanese colonial medicine guided generations of medical practitioners in the colonial period and later, who, to some scholars, became

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Section: Physicians In China: the Coordinators Of Foreign Aidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming Medical Paradigms in 1950s Taiwan

Liu

2017

East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Jo

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“…Part of the foundation's mission to China from 1913 onward was to promote the concept of population control by awarding funds to studies of birth control in China. Rockefeller viewed population growth as “an outstanding problem” for China (Ninkovich ). For John D. Rockefeller III, “a key figure in the postwar population‐control movement,” population control was a matter of prime importance, second only to the nuclear arms race.…”

Section: Western Influences On China's One‐child Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ending an Era of Population Control in China: Was the One‐Child Policy Ever Needed?

Wang

Han²,

Zhang

et al. 2016

American J Econ Sociol

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The one‐child policy of China, which was initiated in 1980 and was reversed in 2015, has been conceived of as a decision made independently and arbitrarily or a product of impulsive decision making. Therefore, it has received a great deal of criticism from Western democracies. Of course, China faced internal problems related to population, such as the Great Famine of 1958–1961. This might be deemed the direct cause of the one‐child policy. However, the more powerful factors were indirect and of foreign origin. China's one‐child policy was deeply influenced by the West, especially by Western population science. Since the May 4th Movement in 1919, China has had a tendency to worship science because of the Chinese obsession with Western‐style modernization. In other words, China's one‐child policy is a product of blind imitation of Western population science. The action has resulted in serious negative consequences such as an imbalance of the sex ratio, elder‐care problems, human rights violations, undermining of traditional values, and even endangering the regime. Those problems caused China to reverse its one‐child policy. The authors believe that China should develop a postmodern population policy with Chinese character, based on organic thinking, which takes human feelings seriously and empowers people and allows them to act as subjects or agents in decisions about their families, including the size of their family and the selection of gender.

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“…(1981). Some recent discussions of the role of foundations in international grant-making include Arnove (1980Arnove ( , 1983; Berman (1979Berman ( , 1983; Bullock (1980);Fisher (1978);McCarthy (1987);Ninkovich (1981Ninkovich ( , 1984; Rosenberg (1982); Stifel et al (1982, pp.57-82);and Sutton (1987). 2 For a discussion of the rise and current role of non-governmental organisations,…”

Section: Condusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From government to grass-roots reform: the Ford Foundation's population programmes in South Asia, 1959–1981

McCarthy

1995

Voluntas

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The Rockefeller Foundation, China, and Cultural Change

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Transforming Medical Paradigms in 1950s Taiwan

Transforming Medical Paradigms in 1950s Taiwan

Ending an Era of Population Control in China: Was the One‐Child Policy Ever Needed?

From government to grass-roots reform: the Ford Foundation's population programmes in South Asia, 1959–1981

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