The risk of developing a second primary cancer in melanoma patients: A comprehensive review of the literature and meta-analysis

Caini, Saverio; Boniol, Mathieu; Botteri, Edoardo; Tosti, Giulio; Bazolli, Barbara; Russell-Edu, William; Giusti, Francesco; Testori, Alessandro; Gandini, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.02.007

Cited by 69 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Consistent with prior studies, a majority of SPMs for cutaneous MM survivors represented an overall increased risk within the first 2–11 months subsequent to cutaneous MM diagnosis . Likely, increased medical surveillance in cutaneous MM survivors is presumed to be a major contributor to this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Risks for noncutaneous second primary malignancy in cutaneous malignant melanoma survivors: an analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program

et al. 2020

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Background It is known that malignant melanoma (MM) survivors are at increased risk of future primary MM. However, the risk for noncutaneous second primary malignancies (SPMs) is not as well‐understood. Methods An observational study utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was performed, assessing data from patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous MM to measure overall, as well as specific, tumor type and risk of SPM. Results Of the 132,438 patients recruited in the study population (mean age 55.5 years; 54% male), 23,794 SPMs were observed (O) (18% of patients at a mean age of 68.8 years), while 17,923 SPMs were expected (E) to occur (O : E 1.33, 95% CI 1.31–1.34). Excluding cutaneous MM occurring as a new primary malignancy, there was a significantly increased risk for SPMs among cutaneous MM survivors for each of the following tumor types: eye and orbit melanoma, tracheal, thyroid, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, small intestine, kidney, lymphoid and hematopoietic system, lymphoma overall, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphocytic leukemia overall, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, male genital system (including prostate), and breast. Certain gender‐specific trends for SPMs were also detected. Conclusions Patients with primary cutaneous MM are at increased risk for primary noncutaneous MM as well as noncutaneous SPMs that include numerous tumor types. Enhanced oncologic surveillance for a variety of tumor types in melanoma survivors is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Risks for noncutaneous second primary malignancy in cutaneous malignant melanoma survivors: an analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program

et al. 2020

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“…This has the added benefits of ongoing education on prevention and self-examination and identifying and managing treatment complications and toxicities, all while facilitating systematic data recording for future studies. This is not, however, to diminish the importance of routine dermatologic surveillance, as melanoma patients have a 9-fold increased risk of a second invasive primary melanoma 14 and a 4-fold increased risk of a non-melanoma skin cancer 15 . These recommendations intentionally leave flexibility for individual tailoring based on additional patient risk factors, such as age 16–18 , sex 17–19 , and tumor location 17–19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Timing of Initial Relapse in Pathologic Stage II Melanoma Patients

et al. 2016

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Purpose Pathologic stage II melanoma patients have variable outcomes when divided by sub-stage. We hypothesized that an understanding of the patterns of initial relapse by sub-stage will better inform follow-up guidelines. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 738 adult patients with pathologic stage II cutaneous melanoma treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between 1993 and 2013. Clinical records were reviewed to determine time, location, and method of detection of initial relapse. Results At a median follow-up of 52 months, 219 patients relapsed. Relapses were detected more frequently in higher sub-stages. Initial relapses were most commonly local/in-transit for IIA and IIB, and systemic for IIC. Lung and brain were the most frequent sites of systemic relapse. Patient-detection was the most common method of relapse detection (59%) in all sub-stages. The 5-year cumulative incidence for patient-detected relapse was 13.6% for IIA, 18.9% for IIB, and 23.3% for IIC, and for image-detected relapse was 3.4%, 7.9% and 16.6%, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence for physician-detected relapse was less than 10% across all sub-stages and leveled off at three years for stage IIA and IIB and two years for stage IIC. Conclusion Relapses were most frequently patient-detected in all stage II sub-stages, highlighting the importance of patient education and self-examination. The highest yield for routine imaging is in stage IIC patients during the first four years. Physician examination is unlikely to detect relapses beyond three years for stage IIA and IIB, and beyond two years for stage IIC patients.

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“…Melanomas represent <10% of all skin cancers, but they are responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related mortalities due to a high metastatic potential and therapeutic resistance (9,12,13). Previous studies demonstrated that risk factors for cutaneous melanoma depended upon the anatomical site and the clinicopathological variant (14), and that there was an inverse association between vitamin D blood levels and cutaneous thickness melanoma at diagnosis (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer rates, vitamin D and latitude

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Vitamin D synthesis takes place in the skin due to solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. Several studies have shown the association between low sun exposure, non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and a lack of vitamin D synthesis. Since such synthesis in the body depends on the exposure of the skin to solar UVB radiation (290-320 nm), experimental measurements of this type of solar radiation are important. Tarapaca University in Arica, Chile, established a solar UV radiation laboratory in 2006 and since then this laboratory has performed systematic experimental solar UVB measurements using a calibrated biometer instrument. The results, which are presented in the current study, showed the association between NMSC and MSC rates, and the time required to produce 1,000 IU vitamin D with latitudinal variation. Solar UV index (UVI) levels reported in 6 cities from the north to the south of Chile indicated that the UVI ratio of monthly mean values was 1.8 times higher in Arica than in Punta Arenas in January (summer in Chile), whereas it was 14 times higher in June (winter). This factor is an important consideration, since vitamin D synthesis is directly associated with the exposure of individuals to solar UVB radiation. A similar trend was observed in Antofagasta, Santiago, Concepcion, Valdivia and Punta Arenas. It can be concluded from these data that there is a direct association between NMSC rates and mortality, and UVB radiation, meaning that this type of cancer would not depend on vitamin D synthesis and therefore on calcium uptake. By contrast, MSC rates increased with decreased levels of vitamin D, and thus calcium uptake, in all cities, with the only exception being Punta Arenas.

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The risk of developing a second primary cancer in melanoma patients: A comprehensive review of the literature and meta-analysis

Cited by 69 publications

References 53 publications

Risks for noncutaneous second primary malignancy in cutaneous malignant melanoma survivors: an analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program

Risks for noncutaneous second primary malignancy in cutaneous malignant melanoma survivors: an analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program

Patterns and Timing of Initial Relapse in Pathologic Stage II Melanoma Patients

Association between non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer rates, vitamin D and latitude

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