Association between non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer rates, vitamin D and latitude

Rivas, Miguel; Rojas, Elisa; Calaf, Gloria M.; Barberán, Marcela; Liberman, Claudio; Corrêa, Marcelo de Paula

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.5898

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Although the data demonstrated a more limited diversity of cancer subtypes than what has been published previously from a Florida cohort, the cancer profile after PD symptom onset was similar (24). It is plausible that unaccounted-for environmental factors, including latitude and sun exposure, play a role in this differential prevalence of cancers between cohorts (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Skin Cancer May Delay Onset but Not Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study

et al. 2020

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Objective: To evaluate the extent to which cancer, a biological opposite to neurodegenerative disorders, may affect the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: A nested case-control design in consecutive PD patients with (cases) vs. without (controls) cancer was used to compare time to clinical diagnosis and time to Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) staging score ≥ 3 as a measure of progression. Further, we compared PD onset and progression between cases with cancer diagnosis before (cancer before PD group) and after (cancer after PD group) PD onset. Independent variables were age at PD onset, motor subscale of the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, sex, cognitive impairment, falls, depression, anxiety, dementia, and autonomic symptoms. Time to H&Y ≥ 3 was determined using Cox proportional hazards, with adjusted results summarized as hazards ratio (HR). Group differences were evaluated using unpaired t-test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The clinical PD onset was later in cases vs. controls (median 67.2 vs. 59.8 years; p < 0.001), but the adjusted time to H&Y ≥ 3 was similar between groups (HR = 0.67; p = 0.13). Skin cancers constituted 75% of all cancers in cases. Amongst skin cancers, compared to controls, cases had an older age at PD onset (67.8 vs. 59.8 years; p < 0.001). There was no difference in risk of progression in PD patients with skin cancer compared to controls (HR = 0.54, p = 0.09). Conclusions: Cancer, in particular of the skin, may delay the onset but not the progression of PD. Future prospective observational studies are warranted to elucidate the complex interactions between these biologically divergent disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Skin Cancer May Delay Onset but Not Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study

et al. 2020

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“…In this study, we have also demonstrated a north-to-south gradient of increasing CMM incidence in Canada. While it was not possible to standardize the population by ethnic background to ensure comparison of homogenous populations, previous literature regarding the association of incidence of melanoma with latitude produced conflicting results, [31][32][33][34][35][36] with several studies noting a correlation between lower latitude and incidence of melanoma, whereas others reported no such correlation. 34 Our findings reinforce the previously regarded pattern that the incidence of CMM increases with geographic proximity to the equator in North America and highlights the continuity of trends between Canada and the United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, contradicting results have been reported in several studies. 6,[31][32][33][34][35][36] Many studies have indicated that decreasing latitude parallels increasing risk of CMM, whereas others suggested that latitude may in fact have an inverse relationship with CMM risk. 6,7,33,34,[37][38][39][40][41][42] Several studies have significantly contributed to the understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for CMM in Canada.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Mortality, and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Cases Across Canada

Ghazawi

Lagacé

et al. 2019

J Cutan Med Surg

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Background: We recently reported a steady increase in the incidence and mortality of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Canada during 1992-2010. Objectives: The objective of this article is to examine the distribution of Canadian CMM patients at the level of provinces, cities, and forward sortation area (FSA) postal codes. Methods: Using 3 Canadian population-based registries, we conducted an in-depth examination of the incidence and mortality trends for 72 565 Canadian CMM patients over the period 1992-2010. Results: We found that among 20- to 39-year-olds, the incidence of CMM in women (7.17 per 100 000 individuals) was significantly higher than in men (4.60 per 100 000 individuals per year). Women age 80 years and older had an incidence of CMM (58.46 cases per 100 000 women per year) more than 4 times greater than the national average (12.29 cases per 100 000 population per year) and a corresponding high mortality rate (20.18 deaths per 100 000 women per year), when compared with the Canadian melanoma mortality of 2.4 deaths per 100 000 per year. In other age groups men had higher incidence and corresponding melanoma mortality rates. We also studied CMM incidence by province, city, and FSA postal codes and identified several high-incidence communities that were located near the coast/waterfronts. In addition, plotting latitude measures for cities and FSAs vs CMM incidence rate confirmed the inverse relationship between geographical latitude and incidence of melanoma in Canada (slope = –0.22 ± 0.05). Conclusions: This research may help develop sex-, age- and geographic region-specific recommendations to decrease the future burden of CMM in Canada.

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“…Melanoma is a deadly form of skin cancer ( Bertolotto, 2013 ; Weinstein et al, 2014 ) that is caused by the malignant transformation of melanocytes in the skin ( Uong & Zon, 2010 ; Bertolotto, 2013 ; Liu, Peng & Tobin, 2013 ). Melanoma accounts for less than 10% of all skin cancers, however it is associated with 80% of skin cancer related deaths ( Bandarchi et al, 2010 ; Bertolotto, 2013 ; Ramaraj & Cox, 2014 ; Leight et al, 2015 ; McCusker et al, 2017 ; Rivas et al, 2017 ). The early stage of a primary melanoma, where cancer cells are generally confined to the epidermis, is known as the radial growth phase (RGP) ( Clark, 1991 ; Meier et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative comparison of the spreading and invasion of radial growth phase and metastatic melanoma cells in a three-dimensional human skin equivalent model

Haridas

McGovern

McElwain

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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BackgroundStandard two-dimensional (2D) cell migration assays do not provide information about vertical invasion processes, which are critical for melanoma progression. We provide information about three-dimensional (3D) melanoma cell migration, proliferation and invasion in a 3D melanoma skin equivalent (MSE) model. In particular, we pay careful attention to compare the structure of the tissues in the MSE with similarly-prepared 3D human skin equivalent (HSE) models. The HSE model is identically prepared to the MSE model except that melanoma cells are omitted. Using the MSE model, we examine melanoma migration, proliferation and invasion from two different human melanoma cell lines. One cell line, WM35, is associated with the early phase of the disease where spreading is thought to be confined to the epidermis. The other cell line, SK-MEL-28, is associated with the later phase of the disease where spreading into the dermis is expected.Methods3D MSE and HSE models are constructed using human de-epidermised dermis (DED) prepared from skin tissue. Primary fibroblasts and primary keratinocytes are used in the MSE and HSE models to ensure the formation of a stratified epidermis, with a well-defined basement membrane. Radial spreading of cells across the surface of the HSE and MSE models is observed. Vertical invasion of melanoma cells downward through the skin is observed and measured using immunohistochemistry. All measurements of invasion are made at day 0, 9, 15 and 20, providing detailed time course data.ResultsBoth HSE and MSE models are similar to native skin in vivo, with a well-defined stratification of the epidermis that is separated from the dermis by a basement membrane. In the HSE and MSE we find fibroblast cells confined to the dermis, and differentiated keratinocytes in the epidermis. In the MSE, melanoma cells form colonies in the epidermis during the early part of the experiment. In the later stage of the experiment, the melanoma cells in the MSE invade deeper into the tissues. Interestingly, both the WM35 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells lead to a breakdown of the basement membrane and eventually enter the dermis. However, these two cell lines invade at different rates, with the SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells invading faster than the WM35 cells.DiscussionThe MSE and HSE models are a reliable platform for studying melanoma invasion in a 3D tissue that is similar to native human skin. Interestingly, we find that the WM35 cell line, that is thought to be associated with radial spreading only, is able to invade into the dermis. The vertical invasion of melanoma cells into the dermal region appears to be associated with a localised disruption of the basement membrane. Presenting our results in terms of time course data, along with images and quantitative measurements of the depth of invasion extends previous 3D work that has often been reported without these details.

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Association between non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer rates, vitamin D and latitude

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Skin Cancer May Delay Onset but Not Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study

Skin Cancer May Delay Onset but Not Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study

Incidence, Mortality, and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Cases Across Canada

Quantitative comparison of the spreading and invasion of radial growth phase and metastatic melanoma cells in a three-dimensional human skin equivalent model

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