The risk of blood transfusion–associated Chikungunya fever during the 2009 epidemic in Songkhla Province, Thailand

Abstract

The interventions for blood safety measures applied in this study had mitigated the potential transfusion-associated CHIKF during the 2009 epidemic.

Prospective detection of chikungunya virus in blood donors, Caribbean 2014

“…3 For years, concerns were raised about transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) during CHIKV outbreaks, 4,5 and attempts were made to estimate the risk. 6,7 During the La Reunion outbreak in 2006, 6 modeling of TTI risk was based on (1) a proportion of asymptomatic infections of 15%, (2) a 6-day mean duration of viremia after clinical onset in symptomatic patients, (3) a 1.5-day mean duration between the beginning of viremia and clinical onset in symptomatic patients, and (4) a 7.5-day total duration of viremia in asymptomatic patients. Items (1) and (2) were obtained from observational studies, 3,6 (3) and (4) being assumed.…”

Risk of transfusion‐transmitted chikungunya infection and efficacy of blood safety implementation measures: experience from the 2009 epidemic in Songkhla Province, Thailand

“…The prevalence of CHIKV infection in the population at large was estimated from both the passive and the active surveillances for CHIKF conducted by the Thai Ministry of Public Health during the 2009 epidemic CHIKF in Songkhla Province, Thailand (January to December 2009, Week 1 to Week 52) . These were described in detail in our previous report …”

“…The known numbers of expected CHIKV‐infected blood donor inputs in the EUFRAT model were estimated by using local information and calculated by a probabilistic model, as originally proposed by Biggerstaff and Petersen (Appendix S1, available as supporting information in the online version of this paper). These estimated numbers of potentially CHIKV‐infected blood donors were previously validated elsewhere …”

“…The duration of the presymptomatic viremic period was approximated based on published studies to be 1.5 days (1‐2 days) . It was assumed that the total duration of viremia in asymptomatic CHIKV infection was similar to those in symptomatic cases, which was up to 8 days after the onset of symptoms as revealed by viral isolation or clinical symptoms or up to 17 days by the detection of CHIKV RNA . Therefore, the duration of transfusion risk in asymptomatic CHIKV infection was estimated to be a mean of 9.5 (1.5 + 8) days with a maximum of 18.5 (1.5 + 17) days.…”

Spread of chikungunya from the Caribbean to mainland Central and South America: a greater risk of spillover in Europe?

“…The majority of infection are symptomatic (>75%) [6]. In humans, the viral load in the blood can be very high at the beginning of the infection and lasts 5-6 days after onset of fever [8]. A person who has recovered from chikungunya infection is likely to be lifelong immune against repeated infections [9].…”