The rise of marijuana and the fall of cocaine in the <scp>United States</scp>: for better, for worse?

Nosyk, Bohdan; Wood, Evan

doi:10.1111/add.12738

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Medical and social use of cannabis is rapidly becoming more acceptable in the USA and around the world. 2 41 The effects of in utero exposure to other illicit drugs, such as cocaine, have been widely studied. Less is known about the effects of cannabis on fetal growth and development, or its effects on pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveTo assess the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes.Data sources7 electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 April 2014. Studies that investigated the effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes were included.Study selectionCase–control studies, cross-sectional and cohort studies were included.Data extraction and synthesisData synthesis was undertaken via systematic review and meta-analysis of available evidence. All review stages were conducted independently by 2 reviewers.Main outcomes and measuresMaternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes up to 6 weeks postpartum after exposure to cannabis. Meta-analyses were conducted on variables that had 3 or more studies that measured an outcome in a consistent manner. Outcomes for which meta-analyses were conducted included: anaemia, birth weight, low birth weight, neonatal length, placement in the neonatal intensive care unit, gestational age, head circumference and preterm birth.Results24 studies were included in the review. Results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that women who used cannabis during pregnancy had an increase in the odds of anaemia (pooled OR (pOR)=1.36: 95% CI 1.10 to 1.69) compared with women who did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero had a decrease in birth weight (low birth weight pOR=1.77: 95% CI 1.04 to 3.01; pooled mean difference (pMD) for birth weight=109.42 g: 38.72 to 180.12) compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy. Infants exposed to cannabis in utero were also more likely to need placement in the neonatal intensive care unit compared with infants whose mothers did not use cannabis during pregnancy (pOR=2.02: 1.27 to 3.21).Conclusions and relevanceUse of cannabis during pregnancy may increase adverse outcomes for women and their neonates. As use of cannabis gains social acceptance, pregnant women and their medical providers could benefit from health education on potential adverse effects of use of cannabis during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Quizás los resultados del estudio respecto al incremento en las hospitalizaciones por cannabis se deban a los cam-bios en la composición de esta droga con un incremento de los efectos psicotizantes que estén condicionando un aumento de la morbilidad, o simplemente a un aumento de su consumo. No hemos encontrado evidencia científica equiparable para valorar estos resultados frente a otros similares en España, pero por la magnitud del incremento y lo amplia que es la muestra no puede tratarse de un hallazgo incidental (Leos-Toro, Rynard, Murnaghan, Mac-Donald, y Hammond, 2019;Nosyk, Wood, y Kerr, 2015). Otro grupo que también merece especial atención son los ingresos por opioides, que han experimentado una tendencia a la baja (PAC: -4,21%).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Tendencias en la hospitalización psiquiátrica por alcohol y drogas en Castilla y León entre 2005 y 2015

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, we remind readers that our analysis did not consider prescription opioids, as it was derived from an update of a government funded‐analysis that focused exclusively on the major illegal drugs. Three of the commentaries noted the importance prescription opioid indicators , and we could not agree more. Generating expenditure and consumption estimates of prescription opioid misuse will require purchasing data sets and employing methods different from what are used typically for street drugs.…”

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confidence: 82%

Beyond prevalence: importance of estimating drug consumption and expenditures

Caulkins

Kilmer

Reuter³

et al. 2015

Addiction

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The rise of marijuana and the fall of cocaine in the United States: for better, for worse?

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prenatal exposure to cannabis and maternal and child health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Tendencias en la hospitalización psiquiátrica por alcohol y drogas en Castilla y León entre 2005 y 2015

Beyond prevalence: importance of estimating drug consumption and expenditures

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