“…In the Lebanese context, however, this finding is particularly important, given the alarming smoking epidemic, mainly water-pipe smoking, that is invading the country since the early 1990s (Saade et al, 2008;Nakkash et al, 2011). Our results show statistically significant differences in smoking severity in cases compared to controls, which is consistent with previous findings (Samanic et al, 2006;WilhelmBenartzi et al, 2011).…”