“…51 Online radicalization and recruitment happens on conventional social media and messaging platforms (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Instagram), less-conventional platforms (e.g., Telegram, Gab, 8Chan), and on gaming platforms, on such video-sharing sites 49 Berger, 2016. 50 Daniel L. Byman and Mark Pitcavage, Identifying and Exploiting the Weaknesses of the White Supremacist Movement, Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, April 2021. At a 2018 White supremacist festival in Germany, for instance, participants found the presence of skinheads from Poland baffling, given the xenophobia that undergirds the German neo-Nazi movement; some fear the movement is becoming too "cosmopolitan" (see Tim Hume, "German Neo-Nazis Are Trying to Go Mainstream with MMA and Music Festivals," Vice News, April 24, 2018).…”