“…Organic remains are well preserved in the cold and dry Antarctic environment (Koch et al., 2019). We produced a synthesis of the frequency of penguin remains and relevant radiocarbon dates from previous research, in order to reconstruct a history of penguin occupation of the Ross Sea spanning the last 7 kyr (Baroni & Hall, 2004; Baroni & Orombelli, 1991, 1994a; Emslie, 2020; Emslie et al., 2003, 2007, 2014, 2018; Gardner et al., 2006; Hall et al., 2006; Hall & Denton, 2017; Harrington & Mckellar, 2017; Hofstee et al., 2006; Lambert et al., 2002; Lorenzini et al., 2009, 2010, 2011; Nie et al., 2015; Stuiver et al., 1986). Since the radiocarbon age calibration methods varied between different publications, we recalibrated the conventional ages using a uniform methodology (see Section 2.2).…”