The Right to Belong: Individual Motives and Youth Gang Initiation Rites

Descormiers, Karine; Corrado, Raymond R.

doi:10.1080/01639625.2016.1177390

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Examples of imagistic practices are often enacted by street gangs when initiating new members. For instance, gang members have described the process of being "jumped in" whereby the newcomer must take repeated physical beatings to demonstrate their commitment to the group (Descormiers & Corrado, 2016). Though typically less extreme in sports contexts, it would seem team initiation rituals (e.g., hazing) would be a type of behaviour that falls under this category.…”

Section: Defining Collective Ritualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective rituals in team sports: Implications for team resilience and communal coping

Bonk

Leprince

Tamminen

et al. 2019

Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot

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Many sports teams engage in collective rituals (e.g., the New Zealand All Blacks' haka). While the concept has been studied extensively in other fields (e.g., social psychology and cultural anthropology), literature on collective rituals specific to sport is limited. Leveraging theoretical positions and empirical findings from across the human and social sciences, the application of an existing definition of collective ritual in team sports is explored. Complementary research is suggestive of a potential link between collective rituals and two growing topics of interest in group dynamics, namely, team resilience and communal coping. Collective rituals can bolster team resilience by strengthening the group structure and increasing a team's social capital. They can also serve as communal coping strategies, helping to manage team stressors as they arise. However, at the extremes, collective rituals can become problematic. Over-reliance and abusive rites of passage (i.e., hazing) are considered. Potential applied implications and future research directions in sport psychology are then discussed. Résumé --Les rituels collectifs : implications pour la résilience et le coping des équipes sportives. De nombreuses équipes sportives s'engagent dans des rituels collectifs (e.g., le haka des All Blacks). Bien que ce concept ait été étudié plus largement dans d'autres champs que la psychologie du sport (e.g., la psychologie sociale, l'anthropologie culturelle), la littérature sur les rituels collectifs spécifiques au contexte sportif est limitée. L'application d'une définition existante des rituels collectifs dans les sports d'équipe est ici explorée au travers d'une recension des cadres théoriques et des résultats empiriques issus de la littérature en sciences humaines et sociales. Des liens potentiels sont également envisagés entre les rituels collectifs et deux cadres théoriques dont l'intérêt en psychologie du sport est grandissant¦: la résilience d'équipe et la gestion collective du stress. Les rituels collectifs pourraient ainsi jouer un rôle dans la résilience d'équipe en renforçant la structure du groupe et son capital social. Ils pourraient également être utilisés par l'équipe comme stratégie collective de gestion du stress. En revanche, à l'opposé, les rituels collectifs peuvent dans certaines situations devenir problématiques, notamment la dépendance excessive et les rites de passage abusifs (i.e., le bizutage). Enfin, des implications pratiques et des perspectives de recherches prometteuses sont évoquées pour étudier les rituels collectifs dans le contexte sportif.

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Section: Defining Collective Ritualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collective rituals in team sports: Implications for team resilience and communal coping

Bonk

Leprince

Tamminen

et al. 2019

Mov Sport Sci/Sci Mot

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The early experiences of trauma and acceptance or rejection within the educational system, combined with the development of self-identity, leads to the discussion of gang involvement and how these youth find it to be an acceptable choice. Descormiers and Corrado (2016) discuss initiation into gangs and reasons for youth to be interested in joining gangs. Their mixed-methods approach to analyzing data on initiation tactics, level of violence required, and subsequent violent actions by newly appointed members of a gang provide background information on how youth can see gangs as an ideal environment for belonging.…”

Section: The Roles Of Social Institutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other findings that are important to consider are the motivating factors for joining the gang, especially for those who were required to undergo the violent initiations. For those who were "blessed-in", the reasons for joining, such as "respect" and "protection" were lower than those who were required to prove themselves through the initiation process (Descormiers & Corrado, 2016, p. 1353. The one major similarity between all youth members was regarding how these youth were introduced to the gang lifestyle, mainly through family members and associates, which can continue to perpetuate the idea that unsafe parenting/family can lead to further detrimental issues throughout life (Descormiers & Corrado, 2016).…”

Section: Gang Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For those who were "blessed-in", the reasons for joining, such as "respect" and "protection" were lower than those who were required to prove themselves through the initiation process (Descormiers & Corrado, 2016, p. 1353. The one major similarity between all youth members was regarding how these youth were introduced to the gang lifestyle, mainly through family members and associates, which can continue to perpetuate the idea that unsafe parenting/family can lead to further detrimental issues throughout life (Descormiers & Corrado, 2016). When there is a systematic breakdown of the parental and educational institutions, it opens the youth up to negative influences and could lead to gang involvement.…”

Section: Gang Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These failures spill over into the educational system and if unfair treatment continues in that social institution then it can lead to that child searching for like-minded individuals in society. Descormiers & Corrado (2016) reveal the most important reason for this research, stating "if individual motivations were understood before youth joined gangs, then those motivations could serve as a basis for designing interventions for those so-called high-risk youth" (p. 1357). There is a great need to understand the motivations of these youth and listen to their experiences prior to their incarcerations, injuries and/or deaths, as they are not only individuals but also members of a larger society.…”

Section: Gang Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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This paper examines the effects of trauma on youth gang involvement. It focuses on the repercussions that trauma can have on youth, which may result in them looking for like-minded adolescents who are in gangs. The need for support can stem from the reoccurring trauma that the individuals face at an early age and the gang can appear as a safe haven from their lives. This paper argues that the experiences of direct and indirect trauma can put these adolescents on a different life path compared to their peers. Youth need to be actively supported in their families and in the education system in order to succeed. The way society reacts and responds to adolescents who are experiencing trauma will set the tone on how they develop in the future. These youth should be seen as a societal responsibility, and when they are left behind or fall through the cracks of certain social institutions, it should be seen as a failure by the social system and not the individual being seen as a failure. Because of these failures, trauma is a social phenomenon that can lead to youth gang involvement.

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The Right to Belong: Individual Motives and Youth Gang Initiation Rites

Cited by 34 publications

References 34 publications

Collective rituals in team sports: Implications for team resilience and communal coping

Collective rituals in team sports: Implications for team resilience and communal coping

Is Trauma a Social Phenomenon That Leads to Gang Involvement?

A Way Forward

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