The revolution of Fās in 869/1465 and the death of Sultan ‘Abd al-ḥaqq al-Marīnī

Abstract

If our present knowledge of the history of the Muslim Maghrib is in general unsatisfactory, few periods remain as obscure as the fifteenth century.The extant sources are very scarce. Contemporary Maghribī historical writings are practically non-existent and, with few exceptions, this is still an epoch for which Christian chronicles are not yet really relevant. Only fragmentary and partial information can be extracted from the contemporary Spanish and Portuguese documents. Therefore, we have to rely for our knowledge on the so-called manāqib literature or hagiographic dictionaries which proliferated in Morocco during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. These volumes—many of which were lithographed in Fās during the nineteenth century—cannot be considered a first-rate source. They are posterior to the period dealt with and appear as versions of a traditional history composed over the years by agglomeration, repetition, and revision from a series of original stories which may be doubtful, even though they are hallowed by time and usage, and fortified by the weight of respectability. Committed to writing, they have acquired the seal of authority and have seldom been challenged.

Internal Factors behind the Decline of the Marinid Kingdom

“…Various conflicts both internal and external inflicted the kingdom such as disputes within the administration, usurping of power, jostling for positions, foreign intervention and threats from outsiders especially from the Christian Castile and Portugal became factors behind the decline and downfall of the Marinids. Eventually, the Marinid Kingdom was wiped out from the Maghreb, replaced by the Wattasids who used to serve the kingdom as viziers (Garcia-Arenal, 1978). Nevertheless, the Marinid Kingdom is still remembered as once a great and powerful Muslim power which used to control the entire Maghreb.…”

“…Even though they were some Jews served the Marinid administration prior to 'Abd al-Haqq II, they were mainly tax collectors and assistants to the viziers who were appointed by the sultan. This changed, however, during the rule of 'Abd al-Haqq II, when he appointed Harun ibn Batash, a Jew, to a vizier position in 1458, sidelining the Wattasids who had been at the helm of the al-Wuzara' institution for many years (Garcia-Arenal, 1978).…”

The Marinid Naval Force According to Historical Perspective

“…Finally the Marinids' power was wiped out from al-Maghrib and replaced by the power of the Wattasids (Ar. Banu Wattas) who was previously the wazir of the Marinids (Garcia-Arenal, 1978).…”

Le pouvoir de guérir

“…Le gouverneur Mérinide, craignant pour son autorité, le chassa de la ville. Il alla par la suite se réfugier dans le pays Chiadma, pas loin de Mogador, dans une localité du nom d'Afughal (Michaux-Bellaire 1923 ;Cornell 1998). herméneutique et archéologie du culte des saints 21 12000 membres) (Michaux-Bellaire 1923 ;García-Arenal 1990). C'est aussi grâce à lui que le soufisme marocain, se distinguant de son homologue oriental, s'était trouvé des racines locales et des ancêtres fondateurs proprement marocains, surtout dans la personne de Ben Mshīsh qui allait devenir le pôle, quṭb, du soufisme occidental (Andezian 1996 ;Cornell 1998 ;fig.…”