The Review of Anti-aging Mechanism of Polyphenols on Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

Micronutrients extracted from natural plants or made by biological synthesis are widely used in anti-aging research and applications. Among more than 30 effective anti-aging substances, employing polyphenol organic compounds for modification or delaying of the aging process attracts great interest because of their distinct contribution in the prevention of degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is a profound potential for polyphenol extracts in the research of aging and the related diseases of the elderly. Previous studies have mainly focused on the properties of polyphenols implicated in free radical scavenging; however, the anti-oxidant effect cannot fully elaborate its biological functions, such as neuroprotection, Aβ protein production, ion channel coupling, and signal transduction pathways. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been considered as an ideal model organism for exploring the mechanism of anti-aging research and is broadly utilized in screening for natural bioactive substances. In this review, we have described the molecular mechanisms and pathways responsible for the slowdown of aging processes exerted by polyphenols. We also have discussed the possible mechanisms for their anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties in C. elegans from the perspective of different classifications of the specific polyphenols, such as flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, and stilbenes.

Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of 15 Different Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Comparison with Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin

“…Thus, these components are not only free of acute and chronic toxicity to C. elegans , but they also increase the growth, motility, regeneration, and numbers. Additional benefits of these components have been reported in other studies as well [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]. A recent study by Land et al showed increased motility and an increase in late-stage life activity by up to 206% when C. elegans were treated with CBD compared with the control group, and no animal died when exposed to 0.4–4000 μM CBD [ 93 ].…”

“…Tea tree ( Camellia tenuifolia ) oil has been reported as an antioxidant agent [ 94 ]. Coumaric acid is reported as an antioxidant agent, ameliorates oxidative and osmotic stress, and provides lifespan extension, and anti-ageing in the C. elegans model [ 95 , 96 , 97 ].…”

Effects of Acupuncture Combined with Exercise on Expression of Immune Factors in Aging Rats and Its Significance in Antiaging Intervention

“…As the immunity of the elderly decreases, the elderly are susceptible to infectious diseases, and the level of response to vaccines is reduced, which in turn increases mortality [ 5 ]. Therefore, studying the mechanism of aging to develop drugs and methods to delay aging, enhance the body's ability to resist diseases, improve the quality of health of elderly individuals, and prevent the occurrence of diseases is not only beneficial to individuals but also to the harmony and stability of the whole society and sustainable development [ 6 , 7 ]. The free radical theory of aging believes that the body's free radical production increases, the level of oxidative stress increases, and the antioxidant function decreases are the main factors leading to aging and shortening life [ 8 ].…”

Phytochemical Profiling of the Leaf Extract of Ximenia americana var. caffra and Its Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antiaging Activities In Vitro and in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Cosmeceutical and Dermatological Approach

“…Cassia abbreviata , rich in epicatechin and other tannins, has demonstrated a modulation toward stress resistance in C. elegans [ 47 ]. The flavonoid kaempferol demonstrates translocation of the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 from the cytosol to the nucleus in C. elegans , indicating that the flavonoid modulates aging and longevity signaling cascade [ 48 ]. Similar findings on increased stress resistance on C. elegans have also been shown by rutin via distinct pathways, including redox-sensitive signaling pathways [ 49 ].…”