2015
DOI: 10.7554/elife.07051
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The retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons expressing Atoh1 and Phox2b are essential for the respiratory response to CO2

Abstract: Maintaining constant CO2 and H+ concentrations in the arterial blood is critical for life. The principal mechanism through which this is achieved in mammals is the respiratory chemoreflex whose circuitry is still elusive. A candidate element of this circuitry is the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a collection of neurons at the ventral medullary surface that are activated by increased CO2 or low pH and project to the respiratory rhythm generator. Here, we use intersectional genetic strategies to lesion the RTN n… Show more

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Cited by 92 publications
(137 citation statements)
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References 73 publications
(188 reference statements)
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“…For central respiratory chemoreception, the most compelling argument against the notion of a highly distributed brain property is that genetic lesion of a very small cluster of lower brainstem neurons, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), or mere deletion of two proton detectors expressed by RTN neurons (TASK-2 and GPR4) nearly eliminates the hypercapnic ventilatory reflex (Guyenet, 2014; Kumar et al, 2015; Ruffault et al, 2015). This review’s leitmotif will be that, contrary to prevalent opinion, the breathing stimulation elicited by low level hypercapnia is probably largely mediated by a direct effect of protons on the carotid bodies and very few brainstem structures, among which the RTN and a subset of serotonergic neurons are preeminent.…”
Section: Is Central Respiratory Chemoreception An Emergent Property Omentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For central respiratory chemoreception, the most compelling argument against the notion of a highly distributed brain property is that genetic lesion of a very small cluster of lower brainstem neurons, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), or mere deletion of two proton detectors expressed by RTN neurons (TASK-2 and GPR4) nearly eliminates the hypercapnic ventilatory reflex (Guyenet, 2014; Kumar et al, 2015; Ruffault et al, 2015). This review’s leitmotif will be that, contrary to prevalent opinion, the breathing stimulation elicited by low level hypercapnia is probably largely mediated by a direct effect of protons on the carotid bodies and very few brainstem structures, among which the RTN and a subset of serotonergic neurons are preeminent.…”
Section: Is Central Respiratory Chemoreception An Emergent Property Omentioning
confidence: 99%
“…RTN stimulation or hyperoxic hypercapnia (to activate preferentially central chemoreceptors) produce large increases in breathing frequency in quietly awake rats and mice habituated to their environment or even asleep (Abbott et al, 2011;Holloway et al, 2015;Kumar et al, 2015). Indeed, before birth, selective stimulation of RTN neurons increases breathing frequency in preparations that are devoid of carotid body input (Onimaru & Homma, 2003;Ruffault et al, 2015). Furthermore, even in the absence of carotid body input, breathing frequency is still robustly increased by hypercapnia in rats, optogenetic inhibition of RTN neurons continues to reduce breathing frequency and, more importantly, this frequency reduction is still proportional to arterial pH or arterial PCO 2 (this study).…”
Section: Rtn Inhibition Reduces Breathing Frequency After Cbdmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A segunda hipótese é chamada de "teoria quimiorreceptora especializada", GUYENET, BAYLISS, et al, 2008; LOESCHCKE, 1982; (DUBREUIL et al, 2009;RAMANANTSOA;GALLEGO, 2013;RUFFAULT et al, 2015).…”
Section: Lista De Abreviaturas E Siglasunclassified
“…A Síndrome da Hipoventilação Congênita Central (SHCC) é uma patologia de desenvolvimento causada pela mutação no fator de transcrição Phox2b, fenótipo presente nos neurônios do RTN (AMIEL et al, 2003;DUBREUIL et al, 2009). Ela é caracterizada por uma completa perda da quimiorrecepção central, mas com a manutenção da respiração voluntária e também durante situações de exercício físico leve (AMIEL et al, 2003;RAMANANTSOA;GALLEGO, 2013;RUFFAULT et al, 2015;SPENGLER et al, 2001 (DUBREUIL et al, 2009;RAMANANTSOA;GALLEGO, 2013;RUFFAULT et al, 2015).…”
Section: Regulação Da Ventilação E a Quimiorrecepçãounclassified
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