The retention of first-stage pairs in a mediation and a control paradigm

Peterson, Margaret Jean

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(67)80030-6

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Differential learning rates on the second and third tests may be interpreted in various ways (cf. Peterson, 1967). The important finding was that within the present experimental situation mediated responding could not be considered an artifact due solely to the operation of differential unlearning and/ or interference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…One nonmediational factor, differential unlearning, predicted that the mediation sets would show greater forgetting of the firststage pairs after second-pair acquisition than the control sets. This expectation was contradicted by the data and by the results of Carlson, 1966;Goulet, 1966;Jenkins and Foss, 1965;Peterson, 1967;and Schulz, 1965. A further prediction generated by the differential unlearning hypothesis was that the presentation of the test trial, A-C, would result in the unlearning of the second-stage association, B-A, for both types of sets, given that the acquisition associations were bidirectional.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, other investigators, using either matching tests (Carlson, 1966) or multiple-choice tests (which also avoid the problem of the availability of the responses; Peterson, 1967;Schulz, 1965) failed to find differences which supported the hypothesis. The reasons for the ambiguous results were difficult to determine because of the diverse methodologies that were employed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This prediction has been tested using a variety of paced or unpaced cuedrecall tests to assess the availability of the first-stage responses following second-pair acquisition (e.g., Carlson, 1966;Goulet, 1966;Jenkins & Foss, 1965;Peterson, 1967;Schulz, 1965). These studies found that the retention of the first-stage responses from mediation sets was close to or greater than the retention of the first-stage responses of control sets, in apparent contradiction to the prediction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Retention of the acquisition pairs in a mediation paradigm before and after the test trial.

Peterson¹,

Koltnow²

1968

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The retention of the acquisition pairs of a mediation and a control paradigm was studied by introducing free-recall or recognition tests before and after the test trial. The 2nd-stage pairs were frequently recalled before the test trial for both paradigms. The Ist-stage pairs, recalled with a lower frequency, were remembered more often for the mediation than for the control paradigm. Retention of the 1st-and 2nd-stage pairs dropped appreciably following the test trial whereas the recall of the test-trial stimulus and the critical response remained high for both paradigms. The B term or mediator was recalled more often for the mediation paradigm when evidence of mediated facilitation was obtained than for the other conditions.The performance on the third or test curs because the repeated term of the stage of a mediational paradigm such mediation paradigm-the mediator, B as B-C, B-A, A-C, frequently has been -chains together the two unique terms superior to performance on the test during either the second or the third stage of a control paradigm, e.g., X-C, stage (see Horton & Kjeldergaard, B-A, A-C. A number of factors 1961; Jenkins, 1963). Horton and might produce the difference in test-Kjeldergaard suggested that with the trial performance and the present ex-B-C, B-A, A-C paradigm, presentation periments investigated some of these of B as the stimulus for the secondfactors, stage pair might elicit C, the response Some mediational theorists have as-learned to B during the first stage, sumed that the facilitation of the test The 5 might actually learn B-C-A durstage of the mediation paradigm oc-j ng tne second stage (the C term may , TH.. , . , . o ... be implicit or explicit). The subse-1 This research was supported by Public v . , \ "' .. , Health Service Research Grant MH 07944

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retention of the acquisition pairs in a mediation paradigm before and after the test trial.

Peterson¹,

Koltnow²

1968

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Paradigmatic difference in acquisition-pair retention.

Peterson¹,

Koltnow²

1969

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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The recognition of the acquisition pairs was tested before and after the test trials of two chaining paradigms, a response-equivalence paradigm, a stimulus-equivalence paradigm, and a general facilitation paradigm, X-Y, B-Z, A-C. The second-stage pairs were recognized on almost all tests. The first-stage pairs were recognized less often and the frequency of recall was highest for the equivalence paradigms, less for the chaining paradigms, and lowest for the general facilitation paradigm. The test-pair terms were recognized most often after the test trials and the B terms (mediators) were recognized more often for the equivalence paradigms than for the other paradigms. A second experiment showed all the acquisition-stage pairs as a single list, the test trials as a separate list, and tested the recall of the acquisition pairs before and after the test-trial list. The pairs with a common term tended to be recalled together by the mediation group both before and after the test-trial list.Mediational theory assumes that mediation takes place during either the second or third stage of three-stage paradigms such as B-C, B-A, A-C. The second-stage hypothesis (e.g., Horton & Kjeldergaard, 1961;Jenkins, 1963) assumes that presentation of the B trigram of the second-stage pair tends to elicit the term with which it was associated during the first stage, C, so that an association may occur between A and C during the second stage which will transfer to the third stage. The third-stage hypothesis posits that presentation of A as the test-stage stimulus tends to elicit the term with which it was previously associated, B, which in turn tends to elicit another former associate, C.Others have claimed that mediation is an artifact due to differential unlearning and/ or interference. For example, Handler and Earhard (1964) suggested that the first-stage pairs of mediation sets were unlearned as the second-stage pairs were acquired. Then the first-stage pairs would not be available to in-

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The Psychology of Memory—1967: A Bibliography

Levy

Benson

1969

Percept Mot Skills

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618 contributions to the psychology of memory and forgetting published in 1967 are listed. AARONSON, D. Temporal factors in perception and short-term memory. Psychological Bulletin, 1967, 67, 130-144. (Abstract) (41:3920) ABRA, J. C. Acquisition and retention of consistent associative responses with varied meaningfulness and similarity of stimuli. Dissertation Abstracts, 1967, 27, 3683-3684B. (Abstract) (41: 14626) ABRA, J. C. Acquisition of consistent associative responses with stimulus selection disallowed. in repeated free recall as a function of interitem associative strength. Psychological Record, 1967, 17, 183-192. (41 :988S) ACHENBACH, K. E. he effect of repetition on short-term stora e in dichotic listening. Dissertation Abstracts, 1967, 27, 2883B. (Abstract) ( f1:9886)

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The retention of first-stage pairs in a mediation and a control paradigm

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Retention of the acquisition pairs in a mediation paradigm before and after the test trial.

Retention of the acquisition pairs in a mediation paradigm before and after the test trial.

Paradigmatic difference in acquisition-pair retention.

The Psychology of Memory—1967: A Bibliography

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