The responses of the musculature of the colon of the rabbit to stimulation, <i>in vitro</i>, of the parasympathetic and of the sympathetic outflows

Garry, R. C.; Gillespie, John

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005325

Cited by 114 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…reduced the motor response. Garry & Gillespie (1955) found that 50 ttg/ml. hexamethonium always caused some block of the response of the colon to parasympathetic nerve stimulation, and 0.5 mg/ml.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimulus parameters. Garry & Gillespie (1955) have determined the stimulus parameters for optimum responses of the rabbit isolated colon to stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. They found that the optimum frequency of sympathetic nerve stimulation for the inhibitory response was 100/sec and the optimum frequency for the motor response to parasympathetic nerve stimulation was 10/sec.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Guanethidine in Revealing Cholinergic Sympathetic Fibres

Day

Rand

1961

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Guanethidine abolished the inhibitory response of segments of rabbit intestine to stimulation of the sympathetic nerves which accompany the mesenteric arteries. In the majority of experiments a motor response of the intestinal segment was then revealed; it was more readily observed in intestinal segments from young than from adult rabbits. The motor response of the intestine to sympathetic stimulation after guanethidine was blocked by atropine. It was not blocked by hexamethonium and was present in rabbits in which the vagal innervation to the small intestine had been sectioned. In the cat isolated atria, guanethidine blocked the accelerator response to sympathetic nerve stimulation and revealed a response resembling that to stimulation of the vagus. It was concluded that guanethidine blocked the release of noradrenaline and thus revealed the response to the direct action of acetylcholine released from cholinergic sympathetic nerves.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Guanethidine in Revealing Cholinergic Sympathetic Fibres

Day

Rand

1961

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The terminal colon supplied with both sympathetic (periarterial) and parasympathetic (pelvic) nerves as first described by Garry & Gillespie (1955) and Rand & Ridehalgh (1965) was carefully dissected from animals anaesthetized with ether. The preparation, length 4-5 cm, was suspended in a bath containing 6 ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea‐pig colon

Beani

Bianchi

Crema

1969

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. In isolated guinea-pig terminal colon, the effect of sympathetic stimulation on contraction and acetylcholine release elicited by pelvic and transmural stimulation was investigated. 2. Sympathetic stimulation reduced the nerve-mediated contractile responses more than those produced by added acetylcholine. 3. Sympathetic stimulation also reduced the acetylcholine released during pelvic and transmural stimulation at low frequency. The inhibitory effect on acetylcholine released from resting colons is concealed by the simultaneous release of acetylcholine in considerable amounts from stimulated periarterial nerves which probably contain parasympathetic fibres. 4. The inhibitory effect of endogenous and exogenous catecholamines prevails when cholinergic neurones fire at low rates. It was confirmed that adrenaline is more active than noradrenaline. 5. The release of acetylcholine from unstimulated colons was for the most part maintained by nerve-conducted activity, because tetrodotoxin was able to reduce it to about one-tenth. 6. It is suggested that the sympathetic control of gastrointestinal tone and motility is exerted through two different routes: inhibition of intramural cholinergic plexuses and direct relaxation of smooth muscle cells. 7. The possible site and mechanism of action of catecholamines on intramural cholinergic structures is briefly discussed.The possible modulation of ganglionic transmission by the sympathetic system is still an open question and a matter of discussion. From careful investigations carried out on the gastrointestinal tract of rabbits and guinea-pigs, Gershon (1967) drew the conclusion that the sympathetic system exerts a direct inhibitory action on the smooth muscle without interfering with intramural ganglionic transmission of the parasympathetic outflow. Jansson & Martinson (1966) and Kewenter (1965), however, reached the opposite conclusion by examining the effect of the direct and reflex stimulation of the sympathetic nerves on the vagal control of gastric activity in the cat. Indeed, many morphological and pharmacological observations support the hypothesis that there is a sympathetic control of ganglionic transmission.

show abstract

“…In the rabbit colon, the contractions elicited by stimulation of the pelvic nerve supply were reduced by about 20% by 0.1 ,UM atropine, which completely abolished the response to acetylcholine, and were reduced by about 50% by 300,UM hexamethonium (Garry & Gillespie, 1955;Thaina et al, 1989). Thus, a considerable proportion of the response is due to stimulation of nerve fibres that do not conform to the expectations for pre-or postganglionic cholinergic parasympathetic neurones.…”

Section: Effects Ofconotoxin On Nanc Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of ω‐conotoxin GVIA on autonomic neuroeffector transmission in various tissues

Luca

Rand

et al. 1990

British J Pharmacology

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 The effects of co-conotoxin GVIA (conotoxin), a potent inhibitor of neuronal N-type Ca2+ channels, have been examined on responses to stimulation of noradrenergic, cholinergic and non-adrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) nerves in a range of isolated tissues to investigate the role of conotoxin-sensitive Ca2 + channels in neurotransmission. 2 Contractions elicited by field stimulation of noradrenergic nerves in rat and mouse anococcygeus muscles, rabbit ear artery and rat vas deferens (epididymal portion) were inhibited by conotoxin. Responses to noradrenaline, and to adenosine triphosphate in the vas deferens, were not affected. 3 Positive chronotropic responses to field stimulation of noradrenergic nerves were inhibited by conotoxin in rat and mouse atria, but responses to noradrenaline and tyramine were not affected. 4 The stimulation-induced release of noradrenaline was inhibited by conotoxin in the rabbit ear artery and in rat and mouse atria. 5 Relaxations in response to stimulation of the noradrenergic perivascular mesenteric nerves were reduced or abolished by conotoxin in rat and rabbit jejunum. The response to noradrenaline in rat jejunum was not affected. 6 Contractions elicited by stimulation of cholinergic nerves were inhibited by conotoxin in rat jejunum and mouse ileum (perivascular mesenteric nerves), and in guinea-pig taenia caeci (field stimulation). Responses to acetylcholine in rat jejunum and mouse ileum were not affected. 7 Contractions elicted by stimulation of the cholinergic plus NANC pelvic nerves were inhibited by conotoxin in rabbit colon, and to a lesser extent in guinea-pig colon. The stimulation-induced contraction of the guinea-pig colon was inhibited by conotoxin by a greater proportion in the presence than in the absence of atropine. Responses to acetylcholine were not affected in the rabbit colon but were slightly reduced in the guinea-pig colon. 8 Relaxations in response to field stimulation of NANC nerves were inhibited by conotoxin in guineapig taenia caeci and rat gastric fundus strips, and in rat anococcygeus muscle when the tone was raised by guanethidine but not when it was raised by carbachol. The relaxations produced by sodium nitroprusside in the rat gastric fundus and anococcygeus were not affected. 9 Contractions of the rat bladder elicited by stimulation of the peri-urethral nerves, which are NANCand cholinergically mediated, were relatively insensitive to inhibition by conotoxin. The responses were almost completely abolished by tetrodotoxin. 10 The conotoxin-induced inhibitions of responses to nerve stimulation developed slowly and persisted after removal of conotoxin.11 The inhibitory effect of conotoxin was inversely proportional to the frequency of stimulation (in several preparations) and to the Ca2+ concentration in the bathing solution (in rat vas deferens). These observations suggest that the inhibition by conotoxin of the Ca2+ influx required for excitation-secretion coupling in autonomic nerve terminals is not absolute, and can be overcome by repeated st...

show abstract

The responses of the musculature of the colon of the rabbit to stimulation, in vitro, of the parasympathetic and of the sympathetic outflows

Cited by 114 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Guanethidine in Revealing Cholinergic Sympathetic Fibres

Effect of Guanethidine in Revealing Cholinergic Sympathetic Fibres

The effect of catecholamines and sympathetic stimulation on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea‐pig colon

Effects of ω‐conotoxin GVIA on autonomic neuroeffector transmission in various tissues

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About