The responses of shoot-root-rhizosphere continuum to simultaneous fertilizer addition, warming, ozone and herbivory in young Scots pine seedlings in a high latitude field experiment

Process Understanding of Soil BVOC Fluxes in Natural Ecosystems: A Review

“…BVOCs produced from SOC can originate from different pathways of microbial metabolism (e.g., aerobic decomposition, fermentation, and terpenoid biosynthesis). Measuring BVOC fluxes on bare soil or on soils with litter and vegetation removed could potentially separate SOC emissions from litter sources but will not allow for quantification of the root contribution (Asensio, Peñuelas, et al, ; Kramshøj et al, ; Rasheed et al, ). Similar to measurements of root‐only emission, determination of BVOC fluxes from SOC alone, from an in situ vegetated area or under laboratory conditions, is difficult because removal of the roots and/or moss layer will destroy the soil structure.…”

“…Furthermore, root exudates can also be rapidly used by microbes as C and energy sources (Kuzyakov & Larionova, 2005). Therefore, separating root production of BVOCs from emissions related to rhizosphere microbial activity is difficult (Lin et al, 2007) and some studies report emissions from the entire rhizosphere instead (Rasheed et al, 2017).…”

Unravelling the functions of biogenic volatiles in boreal and temperate forest ecosystems

“…When compared to average MT emissions from mature pine needles of 0.34 ng m −2 s −1 (Ruuskanen et al 2005), it can be concluded that bark emissions may Plant roots can be important sources of BVOC emissions in forest ecosystems, but their measurement and quantification are difficult as root systems cannot be separated from the soil microbial network of mycorrhizal fungi and other rhizosphere microbes that also emit BVOCs (Peñuelas et al 2014;Ditengou et al 2015). The studies of tree rhizosphere emissions show that terpene storing species like conifers may have significant terpene emissions directly from the rhizosphere area (Lin et al 2007;Rasheed et al 2017) and the BVOC composition reflects the emissions from shoots (Ghimire et al 2013;Tiiva et al 2019). Deciduous trees and herbaceous plants also have BVOC emissions from the rhizosphere area (Steeghs et al 2004;Maja et al 2015).…”

“…Furthermore, some plant species such as woody shrubs (Himanen et al 2010;Mofikoya et al 2018) growing in the understory can act as significant emission sources. On the forest floor, important BVOC emission sources include leaf, needle and wood litter Mäki et al 2017;Kivimäenpää et al 2018) and the root systems of living (Lin et al 2007;Rasheed et al 2017) and dead trees (Haapanala et al 2012;Kivimäenpää et al 2012). BVOC synthesis and emissions by soil microbes in temperate and boreal forests still need similar assessment as in tropical forests (Bourtsoukidis et al 2018).…”

“…Plant roots secrete or emit a vast array of compounds into the rhizosphere including non-volatile exudates, such as organic acids, but also BVOCs (Steeghs et al 2004;Lin et al 2007;Rasheed et al 2017;Tiiva et al 2019). Root MTs may have inhibiting effect on the activity of methanotrophic bacteria (Maurer et al 2008) or other soil microbes (Adamczyk et al 2015); in contrast, they may also become mineralised by microbiota (Maurer et al 2008).…”