The Response of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Obesity Epidemic

Dietz, William H.

doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122415

Cited by 97 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Currently, several strategies for reduction in high salt intake, such as recommendations for dietary sodium restriction and the use of NaCl substitutes, are poor compliance at the population level although great efforts have been made [13, 14]. Modifying the salty preference might be an alternative strategy for reducing high salt intake [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Neural Salty Preference in Obesity

Jin

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Obesity and high salt intake are major risk factors for hypertension and cardiometabolic diseases. Obese individuals often consume more dietary salt. We aim to examine the neurophysiologic effects underlying obesity-related high salt intake. Methods: A multi-center, random-order, double-blind taste study, SATIETY-1, was conducted in the communities of four cities in China; and an interventional study was also performed in the local community of Chongqing, using brain positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning. Results: We showed that overweight/obese individuals were prone to consume a higher daily salt intake (2.0 g/day higher compared with normal weight individuals after multivariable adjustment, 95% CI, 1.2-2.8 g/day, P < 0.001), furthermore they exhibited reduced salt sensitivity and a higher salt preference. The altered salty taste and salty preference in the overweight/obese individuals was related to increased activity in brain regions that included the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC, r = 0.44, P= 0.01), insula (r = 0.38, P= 0.03), and parahippocampus (r = 0.37, P= 0.04). Conclusion: Increased salt intake among overweight/obese individuals is associated with altered salt sensitivity and preference that related to the abnormal activity of gustatory cortex. This study provides insights for reducing salt intake by modifying neural processing of salty preference in obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Neural Salty Preference in Obesity

Jin

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing, with projected prevalence rates of 12 to 15 million individuals in the USA (1,2). When coupled with the obesity epidemic (1), the two diseases often occur together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and safety of simultaneous hybrid thoracoscopic endocardial catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in obese and non-obese patients

Phan¹,

Pison

Wang

et al. 2017

J. Thorac. Dis.

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Background: We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the hybrid thoracoscopic endocardial epicardial ablation technique for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in obese versus non-obese patients.Methods: Between January 2010 and January 2015, a cohort of 61 patients were retrospectively identified to undergo ablation of AF as a stand-alone procedure using a thoracoscopic, hybrid epicardial-endocardial technique. All patients underwent continuous 7-day Holter monitoring at 3, 6 months, 1 year and yearly thereafter.Results: A total of 40% of the obese cohort had persistent or long-standing AF, compared to 54.9% of the non-obese cohort. There were no deaths or conversion to cardiopulmonary bypass required. At 3-year follow-up, 60% of the obese group were in sinus rhythm (SR) with no episode of AF, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia lasting 30 s off anti-arrhythmic drugs. This was compared to 70.6% in the non-obese group, with no significant difference between the groups (P=0.468). For success rates on anti-arrhythmic drugs, this was 80% in the obese group compared to 86% in the non-obese group at 3-year follow-up (P=0.637). No patient died and no thromboembolic/bleeding events or procedure-related complications occurred during the follow-up. Conclusions:In a retrospective cohort with approximately half with persistent or long-standing AF, thoracoscopic hybrid epicardial endocardial ablation proved to be equally effective and safe in obese versus non-obese patients. Current preliminary findings require further validation in multi-institutional prospective studies with larger sample sizes.

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“…These disorders pose a major public health risk in European countries and in the United States, and also in rapidly developing countries such as China and India. [101][102][103][104] Their rise has been attributed mainly to socioeconomic factors, dietary changes, and sedentary lifestyles. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiome also influences the whole metabolic activity of the body and its immune function and could, therefore, play a role in these disorders.…”

Section: Metabolic Diseases and The Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

Scotti

Boué

Sasso

et al. 2017

Toxicology Research and Application

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The analysis of human microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field of research. In the past decade, the biological relevance of the microbiome for human health has become evident. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites, colonizing different body niches. It is now well known that the microbiome interacts with its host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, supporting immunity, protecting against pathogenic microbes, and maintaining health. Remarkable new findings showed that our microbiome not only primarily affects the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract but also has a strong influence on general body health through its close interaction with the nervous system and the lung. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. In fact, growing evidence suggests that the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including genetics, diet, age, and toxicological agents like cigarette smoke, environmental contaminants, and drugs. The disruption of this balance, that is called dysbiosis, is associated with a plethora of diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The importance of the host microbiome for the human health has also led to the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches focused on the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful roles. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate not only the role of microbiome in health conditions and the possible link with various types of diseases but also the influence of various toxicological factors on the microbial composition and function.

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The Response of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Obesity Epidemic

Cited by 97 publications

References 41 publications

Enhancement of Neural Salty Preference in Obesity

Enhancement of Neural Salty Preference in Obesity

Effectiveness and safety of simultaneous hybrid thoracoscopic endocardial catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in obese and non-obese patients

Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

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