The response of the red mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. to salinity and inundation in South Africa

Hoppe-Speer, Sabine C.L.; Adams, Janine B.; Rajkaran, Anusha; Bailey, Dylan

doi:10.1016/j.aquabot.2011.03.006

Cited by 82 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…It showed that R. apiculata and R. mucronata had wider range environment tolerant. It was proved by Hoppe-Speer et al (2011) and Ball et al (1997). A comparison study between R. apiculata and R. stylosa salt tolerant found better growth rate of R. stylosa at higher salinity (Ball et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pristine Mangrove Community in Wondama Gulf, West Papua, Indonesia

Dharmawan

Widyastuti

2017

Mar. Res. Indonesia

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Papua shoreline has been considered as the most extensive mangrove area in Indonesia and great size of their trees. It implies that the forest could be a perfect habitat for biota food web due to its high productivity. Wondama mangrove, part of Cendrawasih National Park -West Papua, had a promising mangrove forest to be discovered. Nevertheless, the forest was rarely studied due to limited access and costly, so that the scientific data was difficult to be found scientifically. A preliminary study was carried out to identify the condition of mangrove in this area. The objectives of this study was to analyze mangrove community health and structure. Canopy coverage and vegetation structure data were collected from 107 circular plots included three plot areas (radian: 5 m, 2.5 m and 1 m) which were distributed to determine three plant classes i.e. tree, sapling and seedling, respectively. Present study showed that Wondama mangrove is a pristine mangrove community. It had large size of tree trunk diameter by 19.77± 6.55 cm averagely. Its diameter size affected on low tree density which was less than 1000 tree/ha. Those two parameters were strongly negative-correlated each other. On the other hand, community canopy was highly covered mangrove area by 82.46±6.43%. Rhizophora has mostly dominated in the forest. Mangrove regeneration in Wondama was excellent referring to density and species composition of sapling-seedling levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pristine Mangrove Community in Wondama Gulf, West Papua, Indonesia

Dharmawan

Widyastuti

2017

Mar. Res. Indonesia

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“…Also, accumulation of salt ions like NaCl in cell vacuoles further intensifies negative water potential under hypersaline condition (Werner and Stelzer 1990) where it needs prompt osmoregulation to cope up with such conditions (Naidoo 1985). Allocation of energy for osmoregulation may be prioritized over plant growth and development which may ultimately restrict energy allocation for growth, showing the reduction of growth parameters such as plant height, leaf production and total leaf area (Naidoo 2006;Hoppe-speer et al 2011). When R. mucronata plants run out of metabolic energy in case of exposing to intense stress conditions for a longer period, the plant may end up with early mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This often brings about inappropriate ecological conditions, for example hard soil, low water content, high salinity and hypoxia which are detrimental for the survival of mangrove plants (Brown et al 2014a). Therefore, planted mangrove propagules/seedlings are vulnerable for drought stress (also known as physical water stress) and salt stress (also known as physiological water stress), in case of planting beyond intertidal zone (supralittoral) where soil water content is low (particularly in dry zone and dry season) and more deeper areas in lagoon water (infra-littoral) where high salinity (during dry season) and hypoxic (prolonged submergence) conditions are applied, respectively (Hoppe-Speer et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural and functional responses of xylem in <em>Rhizophora mucronata</em> Lam. seedlings under drought and hypersaline conditions

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Water translocation in mangrove seedlings is often affected by water stress conditions such as drought, hyper-salinities and their frequent variations. This study was therefore aimed at studying the wood anatomical responses of xylem tissue and hydraulic conductivity of Rhizophora mucronata Lam., a common species in mangrove planting, under different levels of drought [25%, ~50% and ~100% of water holding capacity (WHC)] and soil salinity [high salinity (35 psu), moderate salinity (15 psu) and freshwater (0 psu)]. As wood anatomical responses, significantly higher vessel density, vessel grouping (P<0.001) along with narrow vessel elements (P<0.001) were observed in plants grown in the 25% and 50% WHCs and high salinity treatments. All these anatomical responses are more directed towards avoidance of vessel cavitation which is commonly found under water deficit conditions. The results showed that R. mucronata plants failed to maintain efficient transportation of water when the field capacity was 50% of WHC or lower and the level of salinity was 35 psu or greater, as evident by the reduction of water conductive areas, vessel areas and hydraulic conductivity (P<0.05). Overall, water use efficiency of R. mucronata seedlings under the imposed water stress conditions has remarkably reduced and it further indicated that such imposed stress conditions directly affect the survival of planted seedlings as depicted by the significantly low survival in 25% and 50% of WHCs and high salinity. Therefore, in-depth study on lagoon hydrology including inundation levels, water depth, salinity and the selection of correct tidal positioning is highly recommended as prerequisites in mangrove planting.

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“…Salinity is one of the most important factors influencing the health, distribution, growth and productivity of mangroves (Ball 2002). It often shows high spatial and temporal fluctuations, driven by inputs of fresh water and sea water, inundation, ground water seepage and evaporation (Naidoo 1985;Aziz & Khan 2001a), and has been shown to determine the survival and growth of planted mangrove seedlings in studies of mangrove restoration projects in a range of sites (Bosire et al 2008;Kirui et al 2008;Krauss et al 2008;Hoppe-Speer et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of salinity on growth and survival of mangrove seedlings changes with age

et al. 2017

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Six wide-ranging mangrove species, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Avicennia marina, A. offi cinalis, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and B. sexangula, were selected to study the growth and survival of seedlings under three contrasting salinity treatments over a 30-week period: low (3-5psu), moderate (15-17psu) and high (33-36psu). Seedlings grown under high salinity exhibited signifi cantly lower performance (p<0.05) in survival rates, cumulative shoot height, mean growth rates, mean total leaf area, and mean dry weight, compared to those under low and moderate salinity regimes. Th e low salinity treatment provided the best conditions for initial establishment and growth of the seedlings of all species until 15-20 weeks of age. However, the same seedlings showed better performance under moderate salinity after 15-20 weeks of age (shift in optimal salinity), implying that adaptation to salt and physiological needs of mangrove seedlings varies with age. Th ese results have practical implications of use in raising up mangrove nurse species for planting since it indicates that seedlings should get low salinity water until four to fi ve months of age and then moderately saline water, in order to achieve maximum growth and survival.

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The response of the red mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. to salinity and inundation in South Africa

Cited by 82 publications

References 21 publications

Pristine Mangrove Community in Wondama Gulf, West Papua, Indonesia

Pristine Mangrove Community in Wondama Gulf, West Papua, Indonesia

Structural and functional responses of xylem in <em>Rhizophora mucronata</em> Lam. seedlings under drought and hypersaline conditions

The effects of salinity on growth and survival of mangrove seedlings changes with age

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