The response of grandstands to dynamic crowd loads

The pedestrian-bridge dynamic interaction problem in the vertical direction based on a bipedal walking model and damped compliant legs is presented in this work. The classical finite element method, combined with a moving finite element, represents the motion of the pedestrian in the dynamic analysis of a footbridge. A control force is provided by the pedestrian to compensate for the energy loss due to the system damping in walking and to regulate the walking performance of the pedestrian. The effects of leg stiffness, the landing angle of attack, the damping ratio of the leg and the mass ratio of the human and structure are investigated in the numerical studies. Simulation results show that the dynamic interaction will increase with a larger vibration level of the structure. More external energy must be input to maintain steady walkitig and uniform dynamic behavior of the pedestrian in the process. The simple bipedal walking model could well describe the human-structure dynamic interaction.

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“…11 Box-section girder structure the spectrum. This observation is consistent with the findings from other existing methods[31][32][33].…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Finite Element Analysis of Pedestrian-Bridge Dynamic Interaction

Qin

Law

Yang

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Mechanics

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“…It is possible to build up the structure that can fit just a few spectators or large number of people. The use of lighter and more slender structural members of a typical grandstand may lead to a significant reduction in the values of natural frequencies and that is why such structures are more easily induced to vibrations [3]. Moreover, previous numerical studies have confirmed that the crowd of spectators significantly decreases the values of natural frequencies (see [6,8] for example).…”

Section: Gdańsk University Of Technology Department Of Metal Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different configurations of structural members, types of connections and even weather conditions may have a big influence on changes in dynamic parameters of a structure [2]. Temporary steel grandstands should be designed so as to withstand the effects of unexpected dynamic loads [3].…”

Section: Gdańsk University Of Technology Department Of Metal Structumentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration Problems of an Example of Temporary Steel Grandstand under Human-Induced Excitation / Problemy Drgań Przykładowej Tymczasowej Trybuny Stalowej Poddanej Oddziaływaniom Dynamicznym Wywołanym Przez Ludzi

Lasowicz¹,

Jankowski²

2023

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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Single-phase Pr 2 CBr was prepared by heating a mixture of PrBr 3 , Pr and C (1 : 5:3) to 1140 • C for 18 d. The crystal structure was investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction (space group P6 3 /mmc, a = 3.8071 (3), c = 14.7787(12)Å). In the structure the Pr atoms form C-centered octahedra condensed into Pr 2 C sheets via common edges; these sheets are separated by the Br atoms which are in a trigonal prismatic environment of Pr atoms. Pr 2 CBr is a black shiny compound with metallic conductivity. It is a ferromagnet with T c = 13.8(5) K.

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“…These can be a problematic source of vibration in modern stadia as a consequence of growth in material science and structural design techniques leading to slender and lightly damped structures, more frequent use of sports stadia for live music performances and also the changing behavior of spectators who tend to engage in more synchronized activities [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of dynamic performance of a prototype hybrid tuned mass damper under human excitation

Noormohammadi¹,

Reynolds²

2013

SPIE Proceedings

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Current sport stadia designs focus mainly on maximizing audience capacity and providing a clear view for all spectators. Hence, incorporation of one or more cantilevered tiers is typical in these designs. However, employing such cantilevered tiers, usually with relatively low damping and natural frequencies, can make grandstands more susceptible to excitation by human activities. This is caused by the coincidence between the activity frequencies (and their lowest three harmonics) and the structural natural frequencies hence raising the possibility of resonant vibration. This can be both a vibration serviceability and a safety issue.Past solutions to deal with observed or anticipated vibration serviceability problems have been mainly passive methods, such as tuned mass dampers (TMDs). These techniques have exhibited problems such as lack of performance and offtuning caused by human-structure interaction. To address this issue, research is currently underway to investigate the possible application of hybrid TMDs (HTMDs), which are a combination of active and passive control, to improve the vibration serviceability of such structures under human excitation.The work presented here shows a comparative experimental investigation of a passive TMD and a prototype HTMD applied on a slab strip structure. The most effective control algorithm to enhance the performance of the HTMD and also deal with the off-tuning problem is investigated. The laboratory structure used here is an in-situ cast simply-supported post-tensioned slab strip excited by forces from a range of human activities.

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The response of grandstands to dynamic crowd loads

Cited by 59 publications

References 2 publications

Finite Element Analysis of Pedestrian-Bridge Dynamic Interaction

Finite Element Analysis of Pedestrian-Bridge Dynamic Interaction

Vibration Problems of an Example of Temporary Steel Grandstand under Human-Induced Excitation / Problemy Drgań Przykładowej Tymczasowej Trybuny Stalowej Poddanej Oddziaływaniom Dynamicznym Wywołanym Przez Ludzi

Experimental investigation of dynamic performance of a prototype hybrid tuned mass damper under human excitation

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