The respiratory tract in pigs and its immune system: a review

Krejcí, J; Nechvátalová, Kateřina; Blahutkova, M.; Faldyna, Martin

doi:10.17221/6759-vetmed

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…The interplay of the non-specific innate immunity and specific humoral and cellular immunity plays a major role in defense mechanism of the respiratory system [ 5 ]. The BALT in the pig has been studied extensively to understand the role of the cellular defense mechanism, as well as the humoral response in terms of presence of immunoglobulin isotypes in BAL fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The systemic immune response against such infection has been studied extensively. However, it is important to understand simultaneously the role played by the local immune response in lower respiratory tract diseases, for the interplay of non-specific innate immunity and specific humoral and cellular immunity plays a major role in defense mechanism of the upper respiratory tract and pulmonary parenchyma [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bronchoalveolar lavage is an ideal tool in evaluation of local immune response of pigs vaccinated with Pasteurella multocida bacterin vaccine

George¹,

Barman²,

Nath³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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Aim:The aim was to study the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique in evaluating the local immune response of pig immunized with Pasteurella multocida bacterin vaccine.Materials and Methods:Weaned piglets were immunized with formalin-inactivated P52 strain of P. multocida bacterin and evaluated for pulmonary immune response in BAL fluid. BAL was performed before vaccination and at different post vaccination days. The BAL fluid was assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to study the development of P. multocida specific antibody isotypes and also evaluated for different cell populations using standard protocol.Results:The average recovery percentage of BAL fluid varies from 58.33 to 61.33 in vaccinated and control group of piglets. The BAL fluid of vaccinated pigs showed increase in antibody titer up to 60th days post vaccination (8.98±0.33), IgG being the predominant isotype reached maximum titer of 6.12±0.20 on 45th days post vaccination, followed by IgM and a meager concentration of IgA could be detected. An increased concentration of the lymphocyte population and induction of plasma cells was detected in the BAL fluid of vaccinated pigs.Conclusion:Though intranasal vaccination with P. multocida plain bacterin vaccine could not provoke a strong immune response, but is promising as lymphocyte population was increased and plasma cells were detected. BAL can be performed repeatedly up to 3/4 months of age in pigs to study pulmonary immune response without affecting their health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchoalveolar lavage is an ideal tool in evaluation of local immune response of pigs vaccinated with Pasteurella multocida bacterin vaccine

George¹,

Barman²,

Nath³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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“…The nasal cavity is one of the main routes of infection by pathogenic microorganisms in animals and humans [ 17 ]. Various respiratory viruses invade the nasal cavity and spread within the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEDV infection in neonatal piglets through the nasal cavity is mediated by subepithelial CD3+ T cells

Yuan

Jin

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) primarily infects neonatal piglets causing catastrophic effects on the global pig farming industry. PEDV infects piglets through the nasal cavity, a process in which dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role. However, neonatal piglets have fewer nasal DCs. This study found that subepithelial CD3+ T cells mediated PEDV invasion through the nasal cavity in neonatal piglets. PEDV could replicate in the nasal epithelial cells (NECs) isolated from the nasal cavity of neonatal piglets. Infection of NECs with PEDV could induce antiviral and inflammatory cytokines at the late stage. The infected NECs mediated transfer of virus to CD3+ T cells distributed in the subepithelial of the nasal cavity via cell-to-cell contact. The infected CD3+ T cells could migrate to the intestine via blood circulation, causing intestinal infection in neonatal piglets. Thus, the findings of this study indicate the importance of CD3+T cells in the dissemination of PEDV from the nasal cavity to the intestinal mucosa in neonatal piglets.

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“…As there was no significant difference in age between the two groups in this study and as no animals were less than 2 years of age, age is not likely to have contributed to the findings. Inflammatory cell populations within the normal respiratory mucosa also differ between species, in particular the presence or absence of discrete lymphoid tissue aggregates, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and the degree of epithelial expression of MHC class II (Krejci et al, 2013). In healthy dogs, NALT has not been identified and epithelial MHC class II expression is rare (Peeters et al, 2005b), while both of these characteristics are common in horses (Banks et al, 1999;Liebler-Tenorio and Pabst, 2006;Quintana et al, 2011) in the absence of respiratory disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Leucocyte Subsets in the Sinonasal Mucosa of Cats with Upper Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis

Whitney

Krockenberger

Day

et al. 2016

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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SummaryLeucocyte populations in the sinonasal mucosa of cats with and without upper respiratory tract aspergillosis were compared using immunohistochemistry and computer-aided morphometry. Inflammation was identified in the nasal mucosa of all affected cats, comprising predominantly of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the lamina propria associated with epithelial proliferation and degeneration. There was intense and diffuse expression of class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, associated with sites of hyphal invasion with hyperplasia and ulceration of the epithelium adjacent to fungal elements.

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The respiratory tract in pigs and its immune system: a review

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Bronchoalveolar lavage is an ideal tool in evaluation of local immune response of pigs vaccinated with Pasteurella multocida bacterin vaccine

Bronchoalveolar lavage is an ideal tool in evaluation of local immune response of pigs vaccinated with Pasteurella multocida bacterin vaccine

PEDV infection in neonatal piglets through the nasal cavity is mediated by subepithelial CD3+ T cells

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Leucocyte Subsets in the Sinonasal Mucosa of Cats with Upper Respiratory Tract Aspergillosis

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