The Resistance of Jujube Trees to Jujube Witches’ Broom Disease in China

Zhao, Jin; Liu, Zhiguo; Liu, Mengjun

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-29650-6_10

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The jujube is an economically important perennial fruit crop in the Rhamnaceae family with more than 900 cultivars (Zhao et al, 2019). Most of these cultivars are sensitive to JWB disease (Liu & Zhao, 2009), which is a fatal and devastating disease in jujube.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these cultivars are sensitive to JWB disease (Liu & Zhao, 2009), which is a fatal and devastating disease in jujube. Although several JWB‐resistant jujube germplasms have been screened (Song, Meinhardt, Bailey, & Zhang, 2019; Zhao et al, 2019), further information regarding phytoplasma‐plant interactions is necessary to prevent the disease. Few studies have focused on lateral branching outgrowth, which is regulated by the CYC/TB1‐TCP transcription factor‐mediated auxin transport pathway in woody crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the potential ecological, economic and medicinal value of jujube, it has been introduced to numerous nonnative habitats worldwide (Gao, Wu, & Wang, 2013; Liu, 2006; Liu et al, 2014; Mahajan & Chopda, 2009; Outlaw et al, 2002). Jujube witches' broom (JWB), which is associated with the presence of Candidatus phytoplasma (“ Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi ”) (Jung et al, 2003), is the most devastating disease affecting jujube (Ye et al, 2017), attacking almost all the jujube species (Liu & Zhao, 2009) and causing the symptoms of witches' broom and phyllody (Zhao, Liu, & Liu, 2019). The diseased jujube branches do not defoliate in winter, and the tree dies within several years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The JWB phytoplasma is one of the 37 C. Phytoplasma species that have been formally described based on 16S rDNA sequence dissimilarity and classified into the 16SrV‐B group (Marcone, 2014). JWB phytoplasma is phloem‐limited, measures approximately 200–500 nm in size (Zhao et al, 2019) and is spread by a specific leafhopper, Hishimonus sellatus (Jung et al, 2003), as well as grafting (Ye et al, 2017). The presence of JWB phytoplasmas affects photosynthetic activity (Liu, Zhao, & Liu, 2016), increases jasmonate contents in leaves, reduces auxin contents in leaves (Ye et al, 2017) and triggers host plant responses (Fan et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2019; Ye et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jujube witches' broom phytoplasma effectors SJP1 and SJP2 induce lateral bud outgrowth by repressing the ZjBRC1‐controlled auxin efflux channel

Zhou

Yao

et al. 2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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Comprehensively controlling phytoplasma‐associated jujube witches' broom (JWB) disease is extremely challenging for the jujube industry. Although the pathogenesis of phytoplasma disease has been highlighted in many plant species, the release of lateral buds from dormancy under JWB phytoplasma infection has not been characterized in woody perennial jujube. Here, two 16SrV‐B group phytoplasma effectors, SJP1 and SJP2, were experimentally determined to induce witches' broom with increased lateral branches. In vivo interaction and subcellular localization analyses showed that both SJP1 and SJP2 were translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to target the CYC/TB1‐TCP transcription factor ZjBRC1. The N‐ and C‐terminal coiled‐coil domains of SJP1 and SJP2 were required for the TCP‐binding ability. ZjBRC1 bound directly to the auxin efflux carrier ZjPIN1c/3 promoters and down‐regulated their expression to promote the accumulation of endogenous auxin indole‐3‐acetic acid in jujube calli. Furthermore, JWB phytoplasma infection suppressed ZjBRC1 accumulation and induced ZjPIN1c/3 expression to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth. Therefore, SJP1 and SJP2 stimulate lateral bud outgrowth, at least partly, by repressing the ZjBRC1‐controlled auxin efflux channel in jujube, representing a potential strategy for comprehensive phytoplasma‐associated disease control and a resource for gene editing breeding to create new cultivars with varying degrees of shoot branching.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Jujube witches' broom phytoplasma effectors SJP1 and SJP2 induce lateral bud outgrowth by repressing the ZjBRC1‐controlled auxin efflux channel

Zhou

Yao

et al. 2021

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…As a traditional herbal medicine and additive in functional food products [ 3 , 4 ], jujube has been introduced worldwide to promote the development of the modern jujube industry [ 2 ]. Although China has abundant germplasm resources with ~930 jujube cultivars [ 2 ], most of them are sensitive to jujube witches’ broom (JWB) disease [ 5 ], which is a ‘jujube cancer’ and the most devastating disease caused by JWB phytoplasma infection. Since JWB phytoplasmas are difficult to culture in vitro , little information about the interaction between jujube and JWB phytoplasmas is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jujube witches’ broom phytoplasmas inhibit ZjBRC1-mediated abscisic acid metabolism to induce shoot proliferation

Zhang

Yao

et al. 2023

Horticulture Research

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Jujube witches' broom (JWB) phytoplasmas parasitize the sieve tubes of diseased phloem and cause an excessive proliferation of axillary shoots from dormant lateral buds to favour their transmission. In previous research, two JWB effectors, SJP1 and SJP2, were identified to induce lateral bud outgrowth by disrupting ZjBRC1-mediated auxin flux. However, the pathogenesis of JWB disease remains largely unknown. Here, tissue-specific transcriptional reprogramming was examined to gain insight into the genetic mechanisms acting inside jujube lateral buds under JWB phytoplasma infection. JWB phytoplasmas modulated a series of plant signalling networks involved in lateral bud development and defence, including auxin, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid. JWB-induced bud outgrowth was accompanied by downregulation of ABA synthesis within lateral buds. ABA application rescued the bushy appearances of the transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing SJP1 and SJP2 in Col-0 and ZjBRC1 in brc1-2 mutant. Furthermore, the expression of ZjBRC1 and ABA-related genes ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 was negatively correlated with lateral main bud outgrowth in decapitated healthy jujube. Molecular evidence showed that ZjBRC1 interacted with ZjBRC2 via its N-terminus to activate ZjHB40 and ZjNCED3 expression and ABA accumulation in transgenic jujube calli. In addition, ZjBRC1 widely regulated differentially expressed genes related to ABA homeostasis and ABA signalling, especially by binding to and suppressing PYL receptors. Therefore, these results suggest that JWB phytoplasmas hijack the ZjBRC1-mediated ABA pathways to stimulate lateral bud outgrowth and expansion, providing a strategy to engineer plants resistant to JWB phytoplasma disease and regulate woody plant architecture to promote crop yield and quality.

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