“…Existing studies have identified several factors affecting car ownership and purchases. The factors that affect car ownership and sales include individual and household income, employment status, ethnic background, household location, demographic change, car price, access to and quality of public transportation, parking supply, population density, parking price, specific life cycle events (such as employment change and childbirth), and financing availability (Cullinane, 2002;Guo, 2013;Ritter and Vance, 2013;Oakil et al, 2014;Clark et al, 2015;Ling et al, 2015;Oakil et al, 2016;Seya et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2016;Yagi and Managi, 2016). Considerable discrepancies exist on the relative importance of these factors that appear to be spatially differentiated and are dependent on local contexts.…”