The research university in context: The examples of Brazil and Germany

Establishment Policies of Research Universities: A Critical Analysis of Global and Turkish Perspectives

“…The effects they create differ between countries. For example, while it had a strong impact on the USA, the rising and modernizing country of the period, it had a limited impact on countries such as the UK and France, as they were countries with their own models (Amos et al, 2008).…”

“…The Enlightenment concepts of utility and industry shaped the restructuring of German universities in the 18th century. The traditional understanding of universities faced criticism in terms of its legal and social composition (Amos et al, 2008). German universities with a Humboldtian approach, which focus on producing useful and practical knowledge, embrace four ideals: academic freedom, the unity of teaching and research, comprehensive research, and the priority of basic science for achieving universal knowledge (Ash, 2006).…”

“…This transformation has brought about not only the transformation of academic staff but also the transformation of students. Students have been freed from traditional standardized exams and instructional requirements (Amos et al, 2008).…”

“…The underlying basis of the Humboldtian understanding is the utilitarian and industrial approach (Amos, 2008), which can indicate the consistent formation of establishment policies for both European research universities, especially Germany's university transformation, and American research universities. However, this could be presented as a contradiction for the other meaning assigned to research universities, which is to promote free science and ensure the universal advancement of knowledge.…”

Política pública educacional e sua dimensão internacional: abordagens teóricas

“…7. An example of this approach may be observed in a work on the widespread of a global model of research university, which employed both Brazil and Germany as unities of analysis (Amos;Bruno;Parreira do Amaral, 2008). Another discussion illustrates the introduction of racial quotas in Brazilian universities as an example of this widespread of universal principles (Parreira do Amaral, 2008).…”