The resazurin reduction test provides an assessment of sperm activity

Glass, Robert H.; Ericsson, S. A.; Ericsson, R. J.; Drouin, Michael T.; Marcoux, Louise J.; Sullivan, Herlinda

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54609-3

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our results con®rm the original observation of Glass et al (1991), indicating that the colour reaction achieved by RT provides an opportunity to differentiate between normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men. Our results con®rm the original observation of Glass et al (1991), indicating that the colour reaction achieved by RT provides an opportunity to differentiate between normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our results con®rm the original observation of Glass et al (1991), indicating that the colour reaction achieved by RT provides an opportunity to differentiate between normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men. Namely, the volume of the resazurin solution used by us was twice as high as in the procedures described by Fuse et al (1993a, b) and four times as high as that used by Glass et al (1991). However, the correlation coef®cients obtained in our study were much higher than those previously described, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The overall predictive value of RT grades 1±7 and Table 1. Frequency (%) of the appearance of normal sperm parameters (according to WHO) in a group of patients with positive RT results classi®ed according to previous (Glass et al, 1991) grades 8±11 were 87.4 6.5 and 96.2 3.49%, respectively.…”

Section: Visual Analysis Of Rt Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to intensify the resazurin reaction the volume of resazurin solution used was 4 times greater than in the original procedure (Glass et al, 1991) and was twice that used in procedures described later (Fuse et al, 1993a, b). The solution was then incubated in a water bath at 48°C for 1 h before results were read by matching the colour of the incubated solution with the original colour chart scale (Glass et al, 1991). The semen volume was rounded to the nearest ml to calculate the volume of dye solution to be added (100 ml dye per ml semen).…”

Section: Rezasurin (Rt ) Colour Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enlarged spectrum of seminological diagnoses using the resazurin colour reaction; a spectrophotometric application

Rahman

Kula

1997

Int J of Andrology

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Two sets of investigations were carried out in the present study to establish whether, in semen samples processed for the resazurin reaction (RT), the colour change and its intensity were informative for both the quality and quantity of spermatozoa. First, the results of RT were read visually using single semen samples from 42 consecutive men from infertile couples. In the second step, the results were additionally read using a spectrophotometer. Single semen samples obtained from another 87 consecutive men from infertile couples and 12 men from fertile couples were analysed in this step. Visual analysis, which involved grading against and RT colour chart, revealed a significant positive correlation between the RT results and the quantity and quality of spermatozoa. Azoospermia was diagnosed by grade number 1 (dark purple colour), while the highest grades 8-11 (colours dark red to pink) represented a homogeneous group of patients with the highest quality of spermatozoa (> 60% motility) and quantity (> 60 x 10(6)/ml ejaculate). Normal parameters of spermatozoa, according to WHO, appeared with a high predominance (89-100% of cases) in this group and were present in most of the samples. Thus, the grades 8-11 might represent semen samples with optimal fertility potential. Spectrophotometric analysis of RT revealed that visual characteristics corresponded closely to the values for optical density (OD) of the samples. The OD for normozoospermic samples ranged between 1.48 and 1.84; for oligozoospermia between 1.2 and 1.48; for azoospermia between 0.98 and 1.1. The OD for samples with putative optimal fertility potential ranged between 1.6 and 1.84. RT evaluation using a spectrophotometer may therefore provide a tool for obtaining a wider spectrum of seminological diagnoses than classic microscopic examination, especially for distinguishing men with probable optimal fertility potential.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Our results con®rm the original observation of Glass et al (1991), indicating that the colour reaction achieved by RT provides an opportunity to differentiate between normozoospermic and oligozoospermic men. Namely, the volume of the resazurin solution used by us was twice as high as in the procedures described by Fuse et al (1993a, b) and four times as high as that used by Glass et al (1991). However, the correlation coef®cients obtained in our study were much higher than those previously described, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Visual Analysis Of Rt Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rezasurin (Rt ) Colour Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enlarged spectrum of seminological diagnoses using the resazurin colour reaction; a spectrophotometric application

Rahman

Kula

1997

Int J of Andrology

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“…The resazurin assay measures intrinsic cellular metabolic activity, which reduces resazurin and changes its color as a measurable indicator of the number of viable cells that are present in a test sample (34,47). Resazurin-based assays are commonly used for drug susceptibility analysis of prokaryotic (29) and eukaryotic (20,34,41,46) cells. Much like resazurin, the tetrazolium salt 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) is reduced by mitochondrial and cytoplasmic redox enzymes to a colored formazan compound with a direct correlation with cell proliferation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid, High-Throughput Viability Assay forBlastocystisspp. Reveals Metronidazole Resistance and Extensive Subtype-Dependent Variations in Drug Susceptibilities

Mirza

Teo

Upcroft

et al. 2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Blastocystis is an emerging protistan parasite of controversial pathogenesis. Although metronidazole (Mz) is standard therapy for Blastocystis infections, there have been accumulating reports of treatment failure, suggesting the existence of drug-resistant isolates. Furthermore, very little is known about Blastocystis susceptibility to standard antimicrobials. In the present study, we established resazurin and XTT viability microassays for Blastocystis spp. belonging to subtypes 4 and 7, both of which have been suggested to represent pathogenic zoonotic subtypes. The optimized resazurin assay was used to screen a total of 19 compounds against both subtypes. Interestingly, subtype 7 parasites were resistant to Mz, a 1-position-substituted 5-nitroimidazole (5-NI), while subtype 4 parasites were sensitive. Some cross-resistance was observed to tinidazole, another 1-position 5-NI. Conversely, subtype 4 parasites were resistant to emetine, while subtype 7 parasites were sensitive. Position 2 5-NIs were effective against both subtypes, as were ornidazole, nitazoxanide, furazolidone, mefloquine, quinicrine, quinine, cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and iodoacetamide. Both subtypes were resistant to chloroquine, doxycycline, paromomycin, ampicillin, and pyrimethamine. This is the first study to report extensive variations in drug sensitivities among two clinically important subtypes. Our study highlights the need to reevaluate established treatment regimens for Blastocystis infections and offers clear new treatment options for Mz treatment failures.Blastocystis is an emerging enteric protistan parasite with zoonotic potential (39,57,58). It is one of the most common parasites colonizing the human gut, with prevalences ranging between 10% of the population in developed countries and 50% in developing countries (58). It frequently infects immunocompromised individuals (27,40,59) and has a high prevalence in impoverished children (35) and HIV/AIDS (27) and cancer (59) patients. Individuals infected with Blastocystis present with common intestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloating, as well as mucous and watery diarrhea (58). Blastocystis infections are commonly associated with dermatological disorders (25, 67) and irritable bowel syndrome (54).Although metronidazole (Mz) treatment is considered firstline therapy for Blastocystis infections, therapeutic intervention is equivocal because of the large number of asymptomatic carriers and frequent reports of treatment failure (3,23,37,53,55). The confusion concerning the status of Blastocystis as a pathogen is primarily due to limitations of diagnostic techniques, purported subtype-dependent variations in parasite virulence, and variable host responses (55). The variation in treatment response suggests the presence of metronidazoleresistant (Mz r ) subtypes of the parasite, but there are currently no in vitro or in vivo data to support this hypothesis. Despite these controversies, interest in the parasite has increased in recent years, as sig...

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Resazurin sodium salt (Alamar Blue)

Sabnis¹

2015

Handbook of Fluorescent Dyes and Probes

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The resazurin reduction test provides an assessment of sperm activity

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Enlarged spectrum of seminological diagnoses using the resazurin colour reaction; a spectrophotometric application

Enlarged spectrum of seminological diagnoses using the resazurin colour reaction; a spectrophotometric application

A Rapid, High-Throughput Viability Assay forBlastocystisspp. Reveals Metronidazole Resistance and Extensive Subtype-Dependent Variations in Drug Susceptibilities

Resazurin sodium salt (Alamar Blue)

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