The Representation of the “European Refugee Crisis” in Italy: Domopolitics, Securitization, and Humanitarian Communication in Political and Media Discourses
“…News media frequently perpetuate negative public opinion by representing displaced people as fundamentally ambivalent figures: they are both the ‘victims’ of a geopolitical conflict as well as ‘threats’ to the global order (Pupavac, ; Chouliaraki, ). The current climate regularly triggers xenophobia and increases the popularity of the far right (Skran, ; Frelick, ), potentially resulting in political ‘us–them’ discourses, based on stereotypes as the aforementioned (Klaus, ; Colombo, ), and more restrictive refugee policies (Betts, Loescher, and Milner, ).…”
Section: States and Refugee Protection: A Complex Relationshipmentioning
The world has seen a major increase in forced displacement since 2011. As a growing number of states implement restrictive refugee policies, public communication has become essential for refugee organisations. This study analysed, therefore, three international refugee organisations’ discursive strategies towards the recent Syrian crisis, as well as their production and the social context. A critical discourse analysis of international press releases (N=122) and six semi‐structured interviews with press and regional officers revealed that the observed actors largely dehumanise displaced people and subordinate them to the ‘Western self’ and state interests; displaced people hardly ever acquire their own voice. The study found that the medium characteristics of press releases and the importance of media attention result in a depersonalising humanitarian discourse. In addition, there were indications of a post‐humanitarian discourse that reproduced the humanitarian sector's ‘marketisation’. Finally, the examined organisations use the political realist cross‐issue persuasion strategy, displaying displaced people as resettlement objects.
“…News media frequently perpetuate negative public opinion by representing displaced people as fundamentally ambivalent figures: they are both the ‘victims’ of a geopolitical conflict as well as ‘threats’ to the global order (Pupavac, ; Chouliaraki, ). The current climate regularly triggers xenophobia and increases the popularity of the far right (Skran, ; Frelick, ), potentially resulting in political ‘us–them’ discourses, based on stereotypes as the aforementioned (Klaus, ; Colombo, ), and more restrictive refugee policies (Betts, Loescher, and Milner, ).…”
Section: States and Refugee Protection: A Complex Relationshipmentioning
The world has seen a major increase in forced displacement since 2011. As a growing number of states implement restrictive refugee policies, public communication has become essential for refugee organisations. This study analysed, therefore, three international refugee organisations’ discursive strategies towards the recent Syrian crisis, as well as their production and the social context. A critical discourse analysis of international press releases (N=122) and six semi‐structured interviews with press and regional officers revealed that the observed actors largely dehumanise displaced people and subordinate them to the ‘Western self’ and state interests; displaced people hardly ever acquire their own voice. The study found that the medium characteristics of press releases and the importance of media attention result in a depersonalising humanitarian discourse. In addition, there were indications of a post‐humanitarian discourse that reproduced the humanitarian sector's ‘marketisation’. Finally, the examined organisations use the political realist cross‐issue persuasion strategy, displaying displaced people as resettlement objects.
“…For long, the dominant focus of the literature on media and migration was on Western, receiving countries, however, the refugee crisis brought insights from Southern (e.g. Boukala & Dimitrakopoulou, 2018;Colombo, 2018) or Northern (e.g. Hovden, Mjelde, & Gripsrud, 2018) Europe, and some cross-European analysis (D'Haenens, Joris, & Heinderycks, 2019;Georgiou & Zaborowski, 2017;Krishna-Hensel, 2018) or work from Central and Eastern Europe (e.g.…”
Section: The Research Literature On Media and Migrationmentioning
Over the past two decades, migration has become one of the decisive socio-political topics worldwide. Debates over effective border controls, the social integration of migrants or the consequences of migration for host societies are abound in receiving countries. Political consequences are evident, with right-wing (oftentimes populist) anti-immigration parties having gained electoral success and at times government participation in many countries (e.g., Golder, 2016). In Europe, the politicization of migration has gained momentum over the past decade (e.g., Van der Brug, D'Amato, Ruedin, & Berkhout, 2015), and increasingly so during and in the
“…Medijsko izveštavanje o izbeglicama čest je predmet istraživanja, a razlog tome može se pronaći u činjenici da od kraja prošlog veka u zemljama Zapada ova tema dolazi u središte političkih diskusija i ima značajno mesto u pozicioniranju političkih stranaka, posebno populističke desnice. Stoga se najveći deo istraživanja bavi situacijom u Austriji (Reisigl & Wodak, 2001;Rheindorf & Wodak, 2017), Velikoj Britaniji (Baker et al, 2008;Banks, 2012;Khosravinik, 2010), Nemačkoj (Holmes & Castaneda, 2016), Italiji (Colombo, 2017;Richardson & Colombo, 2013), Španiji (Alonso Belmonte, McCabe, & Chornet-Roses, 2010Martinez Lirola, 2014) i Australiji (Lenette & Cleland, 2016). Nešto je manje komparativnih studija (Caciedes, 2015;Berry et al, 2016), koje pokazuju da, iako u većini zemalja mediji uglavnom negativno predstavljaju izbeglice, ipak postoje određene razlike.…”
U radu analiziramo predstavljanje izbeglica na "Balkanskoj ruti" u televizijskoj slici i novinskoj fotografiji. Rad ima za cilj da istraži kako se izbeglice predstavljaju u zemlji u kojoj izbeglička kriza nije politizovana i da ispita kako se izbeglice predstavljaju u različitim modalitetima -putem statičnih i pokretnih slika. Uzorak od 125 tekstova i televizijskih priloga prikupljen je tokom sedam dana u martu 2016. godine i tokom marta 2017. godine iz onlajn izdanja novina Blica i Politike, i večernjih dnevnika Radio-televizije Srbije i TV N1. Metoda vizuelne analize zasnovana je na Kresovoj i Van Lijuvenovoj vizuelnoj gramatici, i posebno na analizi vizuelnih toposa predstavljanja. U pogledu narativnih obrazaca predstavljanja identifikuje se pet toposa: drama, kretanje, primanje pomoći, higijena i igra. U konceptualnim obrascima pojavljuju se toposi porodice, dece, usamljenosti, žice i simboličke drugosti. Pozitivnije nego u drugim zemljama, ove su vizuelne predstave izbeglica su kontradiktorne -iako pozivaju na saosećaje i dalje konstruišu drugost i razlike između "nas" i "njih".Ključne reči: kritička analiza diskursa, multimodalnost, novinska fotografija, televizijska slika, izbeglice, Srbija UVOD Srbija uz Grčku, Makedoniju i Hrvatsku postaje tokom 2015. godine delom najvažnijeg kopnenog tranzitnog puta prema Zapadnoj Evropi velikog broja izbeglica i migranata uglavnom iz Azije i Afrike, koji u političkom i medijskom * jelena.kleut@ff.uns.ac.rs ** brankica.draskovic@ff.uns.ac.rs. *** Rad je nastao u okviru projekta III 47020 "Digitalne medijske tehnologije i društveno-obrazovne promene", koji se realizuje uz podršku Ministarstva prosvete, nauke i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije i projekta "Kulturno nasleđe i identitet u kontekstu modernizacijskih procesa i sociokulturnih i tehnoloških promena" koji je finansiran od strane Pokrajinskog sekretarijata za nauku i tehnološki razvoj (br. 114-451-2790/2016-01). Ranija verzija ovog rada predstavljena na konferenciji "Vjerodostojnost medija" koja je organizovana maja 2016. godine na Fakultetu političkih nauka u Zagrebu.
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