The report on the co-occurrence of two different rare anatomic variations of the plantaris muscle tendon on both sides of an individual

Olewnik, Łukasz; Wysiadecki, Grzegorz; Polguj, Michał; Topol, Mirosław

doi:10.5603/fm.a2016.0069

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The observed variations, including barely visible tendon, ramified tendon and inverted PL, fall into the category of quality variations and have been observed and described before [8,18]. Some of the observed variations, like agenesis or fascial insertions have also been described in the lower limb analogue of PL -the plantar muscle [16]. During the examination multiple cases of unusually prominent tendons of wrist and digit flexors were observed, ones that could be mistaken for the positive Shaeffer's test result.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans

et al. 2018

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“…The removal of the PM does not generally impede the function of the lower limb of patients with normally functioning gastrocnemius and soleus muscles [16,25]. The tendon is strong, and can be used for reconstructing the tendons of the hand, as well as the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments [12,23,25]. In the present case, the course of the distal tendon is characterised by enlargement, which should be taken into account when the tendon is removed for transplant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In the present case, the course of the distal tendon is characterised by enlargement, which should be taken into account when the tendon is removed for transplant. Knowledge of the insertion of the plantaris tendon and its variant of course is essential for the proper planning of its transplantation [22,23]. Some authors have also described examples of the PM following an unusual course in relation to the neurovascular bundle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 71-year-old male cadaver was subjected to routine anatomical dissection for research and teaching purposes at the Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Lodz. A dissection of the lower limb was performed by traditional anatomical dissection [21][22][23]. During the dissection, the PM was found to possess an anomalous origin and course.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plantaris muscle (PM) consists of a short, slim, spindle-shaped muscle belly and a long tendon [3,22,23]. The origin of the muscle is located on the popliteal surface of the femur above the lateral condyle and on the knee joint capsule; further along, the muscle belly becomes a long tendon, which most often inserts to the medial side of the calcaneal tuberosity [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The plantaris muscle — rare relations to the neurovascular bundle in the popliteal fossa

et al. 2015

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The plantaris muscle is characterized by morphological variability, both for origin and insertion, and may sometimes be absent. Its strength allows the ligament to be used for reconstruction of other tendons and ligaments. This report presents the rare placements and course of the plantaris muscle in relation to the neurovascular bundle. In this case, the hypertrophy of this muscle might cause pressure on the tibial nerve and produce symptoms similar to sciatica.

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Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses

et al. 2018

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PurposeThe palmaris longus (PL) muscle is characterized by high-morphological variability. It is clinically important as it is routinely harvested for the reconstruction of other tendons. The study characterizes the morphology of the PL in human fetuses and creates a new classification based on its variations that would relate to the spectrum of morphological variability in adults.MethodsEighty spontaneously aborted human foetuses (44 male, 36 female, 160 upper limbs), aged 18–38 weeks of gestation, were examined.ResultsThe palmaris longus muscle was present in 62.5% of fetuses. The absence was bilateral in 26.25%, and unilateral in 22.5%. Nine types of palmaris longus muscles were identified based on the morphology of its insertion (Types I–IX). All types originated on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The most common type was Type I, which was characterized by insertion to the palmar aponeurosis (52%). The rarest types were Type VII and Type IX (1% each). Type VII was characterized by partial doubling of the muscle belly, which then turned into two separate tendons that inserted together into the palmar aponeurosis. Type IX was characterized by fusion with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.ConclusionOur findings concerning morphological variability of the PL in fetuses present a new perspective on the understanding nature of the morphological variation of the PL muscle in adults.List of evidenceBasic Science Study.

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The report on the co-occurrence of two different rare anatomic variations of the plantaris muscle tendon on both sides of an individual

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans

The sonographic morphology of musculus palmaris longus in humans

The plantaris muscle — rare relations to the neurovascular bundle in the popliteal fossa

Morphological variability of the palmaris longus muscle in human fetuses

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