The Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution Using Almond Green Hull (Prunus amygdalus-Fascionello) Waste Material Magnetized with Fe3O4

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, with extensive industrialization, pollution of heavy metals in the environment has increased significantly, which is considered a serious environmental risk for toxicity, carcinogenicity, and biological accumulation. Meanwhile, lead is one of the most important systemic toxic heavy metals, which attacks most organs of the body after adsorption. The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of green almond hull (Prunus amygdalus-Fascionello) magnetized with Fe3O4 to remove lead from aqueous solution. Methods: In this study, the structural characteristic of green almond hull magnetized with Fe3O4 was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. Also, the effect of different parameters, including pH (2 to 10), mixing speed (0 to 250 rpm), adsorbent dose (1 to 7 g/L), initial concentration (10 to 100 mg/L), and contact time (5 to 200 minutes) was examined to study lead adsorption process by the desired adsorbent. Finally, the experimental data obtained from the equilibrium tests were analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms models. Results:The results of this study showed that the maximum removal efficiency was obtained at pH 9 and adsorbent dose of 5 g/L. The removal efficiency was reduced by increasing the initial concentration of lead, and increasing contact time and mixing speed. The maximum lead adsorption at optimal conditions was 91.34%. The results also showed that the resulting data often followed the Langmuir isotherm. Conclusions: According to the results, it could be concluded that green almond hull (Prunus amygdalus-Fascionello) magnetized with Fe3O4 could be used as an affordable and proper adsorbent in removal of lead from aqueous solutions.

Elaboration and characterization of molybdenum titanium tungsto-phosphate towards the decontamination of radioactive liquid waste from 137 Cs and 85Sr

“…The beginning region of the curve showed fast adsorption, which corresponding to the adsorption of the Cs + and Sr 2+ on the sites that could be reached quickly on the outside edges of the surface of the sorbent material (Nasseh et al 2017 ). When the contact time approached equilibrium, a little decline in adsorption was shown in the second portion of the curve.…”

“…The operation of nuclear power plants, reprocessing facilities, and research centers, as well as the utilization of radioisotopes in industry and medical diagnostics, all result in the generation of various radioactive wastes. The radioisotopes of strontium and cesium are classified as the most harmful isotopes produced in the nuclear industry due to their long half-life, high chemical activity, migration, toxicity, and relatively small atomic radii (Nasseh et al 2017 ; El-Din et al 2019 ; Mahrous et al 2022b ).…”

“…Lee et al, ( 2022 ) used a flocculation method based on an inorganic washing solution to remove Cs + and Sr 2+ from the soil, while co-precipitation was used by Sopapan et al, ( 2023 ) via the application of potassium ferrocyanide to remove 134,137 Cs from low and intermediate level liquid radioactive waste. Also, another advanced technology such as membrane separation, ion exchange, and adsorption has been carried out for the removal of cesium and strontium radionuclides (El-Nagaar et al 2012 ; El-Aryan et al 2014 ; Rizk and Hamed 2015 ; Li et al 2017 ; Nasseh et al 2017 ; Abdel-Galil et al 2018 , 2020 , 2021 ; Mahrous et al 2019 , 2022a , c ; Amesh et al 2020 ; Pham et al 2020 ; Akinhanmi et al 2020 ; Bediako et al 2020 ; Cheng et al 2020 ; Yang et al 2021 ; Abass et al 2022 ; Lee et al 2022 ; Patra et al 2022 ; Yao et al 2022 ; Șenilă et al 2023 ; Sopapan et al 2023 ) using organic, inorganic, or composite materials.…”