The remodel of the “central dogma”: a metabolomics interaction perspective

Abstract

Background In 1957, Francis Crick drew a linear diagram on a blackboard. This diagram is often called the “central dogma.” Subsequently, the relationships between different steps of the “central dogma” have been shown to be considerably complex, mostly because of the emerging world of small molecules. It is noteworthy that metabolites can be generated from the diet through gut microbiome metabolism, serve as substrates for epigenetic modifications, destabilize DNA quadruplexes, and follow Lamarckian inheritance. Small molecules were once considered the missing link in the “central dogma”; however, recently they have acquired a central role, and their general perception as downstream products has become reductionist. Metabolomics is a large-scale analysis of metabolites, and this emerging field has been shown to be the closest omics associated with the phenotype and concomitantly, the basis for all omics. Aim of review Herein, we propose a broad updated perspective for the flux of information diagram centered in metabolomics, including the influence of other factors, such as epigenomics, diet, nutrition, and the gut- microbiome. Key scientific concepts of review Metabolites are the beginning and the end of the flux of information.

Limited Mechanistic Link Between the Monod Equation and Methanogen Growth: a Perspective from Metabolic Modeling

“…We then analyzed control by metabolites. Metabolites regulate metabolic fluxes, and hence growth rate, on different levels, from specific allosteric regulation to global transcriptional and translational regulation ( 58 , 59 ). Here, we focused on the control exerted by the reactants and products of metabolic reactions.…”

Analysis of the ZNT8, GAD65, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and C-peptides in Indonesian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…However, the central dogma theory could illustrate why children with T1DM have higher HLA-DQA1 peptide levels. Central dogma theory is the basis of cellular life, which fundamentally discusses the process of cell division through the information coded by DNA, transcribed into RNA, and then translated into proteins (Costa et al, 2021). Furthermore, the central dogma theory discusses the transfer of sequences during DNA replication, transcription, and translation into chains of amino acids to form proteins.…”

“…Several studies demonstrated that specific alleles at the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 loci are strongly associated with T1DM (Noble, 2015 andFarina et al, 2019). According to the central dogma theory, the passage of genetic information from genes into RNA, which then then pass to amino acid (Costa et al, 2021). The HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes synthesize HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 peptides, respectively.…”

Defining Blood Plasma and Serum Metabolome by GC-MS

“…HMDB 5.0, released in 2021, contains information on more than 220 thousand metabolites, almost twice as much as in 2018 [47]. We believe that the reason for this is the popularization of large-scale omics research "beyond genomics" [208]. The trend of shifting from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to metabolome-wide association studies (MWAS) has been gaining momentum since 2008.…”