Analysis of the ZNT8, GAD65, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and C-peptides in Indonesian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Autoimmune reaction in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is caused by genetic and environmental factors. The genes HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 are strongly associated with T1DM. Other established markers of T1DM were Zinc Transporter 8 Antibody (ZnT8), Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibody-65 (GAD65), and C-peptide. This study aims to analyze ZnT8, GAD65, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and C-peptide in Indonesian children with T1DM. A cross-sectional study of T1DM children was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia. ZnT8, GAD65, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1, and C-peptide were examined with an ELISA kit. Mann-Whitney test was performed with a significant value of p<0.05. A total of 62 participants consisting of 31 children for each group were enrolled. The prevalence of ZnT8, GAD65, and C-peptide in T1DM patients was 77.4%, 90.3%, and 87.1%. There are 74% of T1DM children had two positive antibodies and 55% had two positive HLA peptides. There was no difference in HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 peptides between T1DM and control groups (p=0.12; p=0.19). Meanwhile, the comparison between ZnT8, GAD65, and C-Peptide values between T1DM and control groups shows a significant difference (p<0.05). HLA-DQA1 peptide value was higher in T1DM children and HLA-DQB1 peptide value was higher in non-T1DM children.

Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65 is Associated with Total Daily Dose of Insulin Requirement in Children with Type 1 Diabetes

“…(1,4) Pancreatic beta cell destruction can be detected by autoantibody examination of pancreatic cells including glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies (GAD-65), islet cell autoantibodies (ICA), tyrosine phosphatase-like insulinoma antigen 2 (IA2), insulin autoantibodies (IAA), and β-cell-specific zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8). (5)(6)(7)(8) The percentage of antibodies against T1D depends on age, duration of disease, and ethnicity. (4,9) Furthermore, autoantibody levels provide information on the degree of beta cell damage, the onset of T1D symptoms, the need for insulin, prognosis, and the risk of other autoimmune diseases.…”

Perception and utilisation of information and communication technology (ICT) in the management of diabetes in children: Insights from health students in Indonesia

“…19 cases per 100 million people. [1][2][3][4] The management of type 1 diabetes in children demands focused attention from various stakeholders, encompassing parents, healthcare professionals, nutritionists and technology. Parents play a crucial role by gaining a comprehensive understanding of paediatric diabetes and providing essential emotional support.…”