The reliability of the DRM paradigm as a measure of individual differences in false memories

Blair, Irene V.; Lenton, Alison P.; Hastie, Reid

doi:10.3758/bf03196317

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…We believe the present results are also consistent with the Blair et al (2002) finding of substantial within-individual consistency in false recognition of critical lures from the same DRM lists tested two weeks apart, although Blair et al argued against response bias consistency as an account of their results (p. 595). Our conclusions seem at odds, however, with those of Salthouse and Siedlecki (2007), who did not find predictive relationships of false DRM recognition across tests differing in materials, nor reliable correlations between false recognition and established individual-difference variables.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Blair et al (2002) reported a significant correlation between critical and noncritical false alarms on the first test, a result that hints at a relationship between general recognition bias and DRM false memories (although that correlation was not significant in the second test). Relatedly, Qin, Ogle, and Goodman (2008) found that response bias calculated from the noncritical DRM trials was significantly (albeit weakly) predictive of susceptibility to adopting fictitious childhood events as autobiographical.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salthouse and Siedlecki (2007) found reliable stability within a single test but not across separate tests differing by stimulus type, and false recognition of critical lures was uncorrelated with a host of cognitive and personality measures in two experiments. However, Blair, Lenton, and Hastie (2002) found high levels of reliability in tests of the same DRM lists given two weeks apart, indicating that false recognition does not vary unpredictably within an individual.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Response bias in recognition memory as a cognitive trait

Kantner

Lindsay

2012

Mem Cogn

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response bias in recognition memory as a cognitive trait

Kantner

Lindsay

2012

Mem Cogn

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“…The mean false recognition rate for critical lures was 69.13% (N = 188), which is consistent with previous research (e.g., Blair, Lenton, & Hastie, 2002). Participants falsely recognized 14.63% (N = 20) of non-presented unrelated items.…”

Section: Recognition Ratessupporting

confidence: 80%

Undermining belief in false memories leads to less efficient problem-solving behaviour

Otgaar

Howe

Smeets

et al. 2016

Memory

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractMemories of events for which the belief in the occurrence of those events is undermined, but recollection is retained, are called nonbelieved memories (NBMs). The present experiments examined the effects of NBMs on subsequent problem-solving behavior. In Experiment 1, we challenged participants' beliefs in their memories and examined whether NBMs affected subsequent solution rates on insight-based problems. True and false memories were elicited using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Then participants' belief in true and false memories was challenged by telling them the item had not been presented. We found that when the challenge led to undermining belief in false memories, fewer problems were solved than when belief was not challenged. In Experiment 2, a similar procedure was used except that some participants solved the problems one week rather than immediately after the feedback. Again, our results showed that undermining belief in false memories resulted in lower problem solution rates. These findings suggest that for false memories, belief is an important agent in whether memories serve as effective primes for immediate and delayed problem-solving.

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“…First, we can reasonably exclude a possible speculation about the reliability of false memory, because several previous studies suggested that DRM false memory is as much a reliable measure as DRM true memory (Blair, Lenton, & Hastie, 2002;Roediger, Watson, McDermott, & Gallo, 2001). Second, it is plausible that false memory is less heritable than true memory.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

True but not false memories are associated with the HTR2A gene

Zhu

Chen

Loftus

et al. 2013

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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a b s t r a c tPrevious research reported that serotonin receptor 2A gene (HTR2A) polymorphisms were associated with memory. However, it is unknown whether these genetic variants were associated with both true and false memories. The current study of 336 Han Chinese subjects tested 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the HTR2A gene for potential associations with true and false memories. False memories were assessed using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, in which people falsely remember semantically related (but unpresented) words. We found that 11 SNPs within the HTR2A gene were associated with true memory (p = 0.000076-0.043). The associations between true memory and seven adjacent SNPs (i.e., rs1923888, rs1745837, rs9567739, rs3742279, rs655888, rs655854, and rs2296972) were still significant after multiple testing corrections. Haplotype-based association analysis revealed that, true memory was positively associated with haplotype A-C-C-G-C-T-A for these seven adjacent SNPs (p = 0.000075), which was still significant after multiple testing correction. Only one SNP rs655854 was associated with false memory (p = 0.023), and it was not significant after multiple testing correction. This study replicates, in an Asian population, that genetic variation in HTR2A is associated with episodic memory, and also suggests that this association is restricted to true memory.

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The reliability of the DRM paradigm as a measure of individual differences in false memories

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Response bias in recognition memory as a cognitive trait

Response bias in recognition memory as a cognitive trait

Undermining belief in false memories leads to less efficient problem-solving behaviour

True but not false memories are associated with the HTR2A gene

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