The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist (DFBC) for assessing the relationship between Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and their families with respect to adherence to treatment regimen

Hisatomi

Ito

et al. 2014

BioPsychoSocial Med

Self Cite

BackgroundWe previously found that the empowerment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can be strongly affected by gender and age in addition to self-managed diet and exercise behaviors and treatment. This study was to examine the effects of gender, age, family support, and treatment on the perceived stress and coping of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus living with family.MethodsA survey was conducted of 140 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were living with family. There was no significant difference in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between male and female. Perceived stress and coping were measured with the Japanese version of the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale and the Lazarus Type Stress Coping Inventory. Stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were performed to identify factors that affect the perceived stress and coping of patients.Results(1) Perceived stress and coping were strongly affected by gender. (2) Perceived stress and coping were affected by age for males, but perceived stress was not affected by age for females. However, females showed a greater “psychological impact of diabetes” than did males. Females aged between 50 and 69 years engaged in active problem solving, but awareness of diabetes was low. (3) Treatment regimens had an effect on HbA1c for both sexes, and diet therapy affected the awareness of diabetes of males and coping of females. (4) For females, “sense of self-control” was strongly associated with coping, and those who were living with non-spouse family members had a greater psychological impact of diabetes than those living with only their spouse. (5) For males, coping was strongly affected by living with their spouse.ConclusionsThe results suggest that perceived stress, coping, and diet regimen are deeply associated with gender and age and that a male with type 2 diabetes mellitus living with his spouse is strongly dependent on support from the spouse. It is important to take into account gender, age, and family environment to provide patients with an individualized approach to addressing perceived stress and to provide education program for coping that can maximize treatment and maintain better, continuous glycemic control.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gender, age, family support, and treatment on perceived stress and coping of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hisatomi

Ito

et al. 2014

BioPsychoSocial Med

Self Cite

“…Subsequently, we developed a Japanese-language version of the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist (DFBC), which measures family support for patients with diabetes mellitus. When this reliable and valid checklist was used for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic control was found to be strongly influenced by negative family support and a family’s critical opinions of the patient [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel, short, self-completed questionnaire on empowerment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and an analysis of factors affecting patient empowerment

Iwashita²,

Okada³

et al. 2014

BioPsychoSocial Med

Self Cite

BackgroundPatient empowerment has recently been proposed as an important concept in self-management for effective glycemic control. A concise self-completed questionnaire for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was created to comprehensively evaluate their empowerment on the basis of self-managed dietary/exercise behaviors, psychological impact, and family support. The reliability and validity of this short questionnaire were tested and factors relating to patient empowerment were analyzed.MethodsThe self-completed empowerment questionnaire was based on questionnaires for self-managed dietary and exercise behaviors, the Appraisal of Diabetes Scale, and the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist. The questionnaire was trialed on 338 male and female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who lived with family. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were investigated and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify factors that affect patient empowerment.ResultsThe self-completed patient empowerment questionnaire included 13 questions on background data (e.g., age, gender, and HbA1c) and 18 questions within five scales to assess self-managed dietary behaviors, self-managed exercise behaviors, and psychological impact of diabetes, as well as positive and negative feedback in patient-family communication. The questionnaire showed sufficient internal consistency, construct validity, reproducibility, factorial construct validity, and concurrent validity. The results were generally satisfactory, and the questionnaire reflected the particular characteristics of treatment methods. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that patient empowerment was strongly affected by the number of disease-related symptoms, age, and gender.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the concise self-completed empowerment questionnaire developed here is useful for measuring the empowerment of individual patients and evaluating the impact of symptoms and therapies on empowerment.

“…It is important to have support from family members close to patients and medical professionals [20][21][22] . We previously used the Japanese version of the Diabetes Family Behavior Checklist to carry out a survey of type 2 diabetes patients and their families, and found that there was a large gap between a patient's self-management behavior and the perception of the patient by the patient's family 23 . Furthermore, with reduced visual acuity and swelling, as well as the number of symptoms found to be strongly affecting the expectation of worsening conditions (S3) in the present study, it is possible that these symptoms might heighten anxiety relating to complications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological impacts from expectation of worsening conditions and obstacles to life planning are affected by glycemic control, self‐reported symptoms, and drug therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Nakao

Ishihara

2015

J of Diabetes Invest

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Introduction/AimsIt is important to reduce psychological stresses for glycemic control in diabetes. We investigated the factors affecting psychological impact, which was involved in the disease conditions in 378 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsPatients’ self‐assessed symptoms and four subscales of psychological impacts on diabetes – impact from diabetes (S1), anxiety from having a chronic disease (S2), expectation of worsening conditions (S3) and obstacles to life planning (S4) – were analyzed.ResultsSignificant odds ratios (ORs) were found for sex and age in S1, age and glycemic control in S2, glycemic control in S3, disease duration and glycemic control in S4, and number of symptoms in S1–S4. Scores of S1 and S2 in women were lower than those in men, and decreased age‐dependently. Significant ORs for the number of symptoms in S3 and S4 were greater than in S1 and S2. ORs increased markedly for patients under oral hypoglycemic agent therapy in S4 and insulin therapy in S1–S4 when compared with ORs for lifestyle therapy alone.ConclusionsThe psychological impact of type 2 diabetes involved a priori factors dependent on sex and aging in the subscales of current anxieties and impact, and a posteriori factors, such as disease duration, glycemic control and treatment methods, in the subscales of expectation of worsening conditions and obstacles to life planning.