The Reliability and Magnitude of Time-Dependent Force-Time Characteristics During the Isometric Midthigh Pull Are Affected by Both Testing Protocol and Analysis Choices

Guppy, Stuart N.; Kotani, Yosuke; Brady, Claire J.; Connolly, Shannon; Comfort, Paul; Haff, G. Gregory

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004229

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Three recent studies have reported that a shorter trial duration may result in heightened expressions of rapid force production in multi-joint isometric tests 12,20,30 .Drake et al 20 and Suarez et al 12 found that a 1-second trial period improved reliability and magnitude of RFD and impulse recordings. Of particular relevance, Drake et al 20 demonstrated that an instruction emphasizing a "fast" effort was associated with increases in rapid force production, whilst a 'hard' instruction improved maximal strength expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Instruction on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Force-Time Variables

McCormick

Talpey²,

James

et al. 2022

Int'l Journal of Strength & Conditioning

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Purpose: The isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is commonly used to assess maximal and rapid (i.e., explosive) strength in athlete populations. The conventional IMTP instruction is to pull “as hard and fast as possible” (CON). However, previous studies using other isometric tests indicate that the use of ‘hard’ and ‘fast’ independently can result in different test outcomes. This investigation assessed the impact of a ‘hard’ only (HARD) and ‘fast’ only (FAST) instruction on IMTP kinetics when compared to the conventional combined instruction. Methods: Over three separate testing sessions, 17 National level, male, youth footballers (age: 16.4±1.3yr, mass: 69.7±8.0kg, height: 1.75±0.07m) completed three trials of the IMTP under each instruction. Peak force (N) and rapid force production, measured as impulse (N.s-1) over 50ms, 75ms, 100ms, 150ms, and 200ms were extracted and brought forward for analysis. To determine the presence of a statistical difference between conditions, a repeated measures ANOVA was employed while Cohen’s d effects sizes were used to quantify the magnitude of practical difference between each condition. Results: There was no significant or practically relevant impact of instruction condition on peak force (P > 0.05, d=0.08-0.27), or impulse over any time frame (P > 0.05, d=0.01-0.16). Conclusion: Practitioners can be confident that the conventional IMTP instruction is suitable for continued use in this athlete population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Instruction on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Force-Time Variables

McCormick

Talpey²,

James

et al. 2022

Int'l Journal of Strength & Conditioning

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“…Vertical ground reaction forces were collected at 2000 Hz using custom LabVIEW software (version 14.0; National Instruments, TX, USA) via a BNC-2090 interface box with an analog-to-digital card (NI-6014, National Instruments, TX, USA). The standardisation of the set-up (i.e., joint angles, bar height, hand grip width, foot position), individual trial countdown, implementation of the pull, and in-session trial exclusion criteria replicated the methods described previously by Guppy et al (2022).…”

Section: Isometric Mid-thigh Pull (Imtp)mentioning

confidence: 91%

Sprint cycling rate of torque development associates with strength measurement in trained cyclists

Connolly

Peeling²,

Binnie³

et al. 2023

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose A cyclist’s rate of force/torque development (RFD/RTD) and peak force/torque can be measured during single-joint or whole-body isometric tests, or during cycling. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between these measures, and of the mechanisms that contribute to each measure. Therefore, we examined the: (i) relationship between quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function with RFD/RTD in isometric knee extension, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and sprint cycling; and (ii) relationship among RFD/RTD and peak force/torque between protocols. Methods Eighteen trained cyclists completed two familiarisation and two experimental sessions. Each session involved an isometric knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling protocol, where peak force/torque, average and peak RFD/RTD, and early (0–100 ms) and late (0–200 ms) RFD/RTD were measured. Additionally, measures of quadriceps central and peripheral neuromuscular function were assessed during the knee extension. Results Strong relationships were observed between quadriceps early EMG activity (EMG50/M) and knee extension RTD (r or ρ = 0.51–0.65) and IMTP late RFD (r = 0.51), and between cycling early or late RTD and peak twitch torque (r or ρ = 0.70–0.75). Strong-to-very strong relationships were observed between knee extension, IMTP, and sprint cycling for peak force/torque, early and late RFD/RTD, and peak RFD/RTD (r or ρ = 0.59–0.80). Conclusion In trained cyclists, knee extension RTD or IMTP late RFD are related to measures of quadriceps central neuromuscular function, while cycling RTD is related to measures of quadriceps peripheral neuromuscular function. Further, the strong associations among force/torque measures between tasks indicate a level of transferability across tasks.

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“…Time-specific absolute force (FOR) at 200 ms as well as for average rate of force development (avgRFD) using a 0-200 ms timeframe were analyzed using an average of all repetitions (Table 3). Based on the available literature, the intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) for IMTP PF and FOR at 200 are generally considered to be reliable (ICC $ 0.75, CV # 15%) (16,17,29). However, IMTP avgRFD 0-200 ms has been shown to be less reliable (ICC # 0.7, CV $ 15%) (16,17,29).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the available literature, the intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) for IMTP PF and FOR at 200 are generally considered to be reliable (ICC $ 0.75, CV # 15%) (16,17,29). However, IMTP avgRFD 0-200 ms has been shown to be less reliable (ICC # 0.7, CV $ 15%) (16,17,29).…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Performance, Daily Well-Being, and Hormone Responses to Water Immersion After Resistance Exercise in Junior International and Subelite Male Volleyball Athletes

Horgan

Tee

West

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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Horgan, BG, Tee, N, West, NP, Drinkwater, EJ, Halson, SL, Colomer, CME, Fonda, CJ, Tatham, J, Chapman, DW, and Haff, GG. Acute performance, daily well-being and hormone responses to water immersion after resistance exercise in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes. J Strength Cond Res 37(8): 1643–1653, 2023—Athletes use postexercise hydrotherapy strategies to improve recovery and competition performance and to enhance adaptative responses to training. Using a randomized cross-over design, the acute effects of 3 postresistance exercise water immersion strategies on perceived recovery, neuromuscular performance, and hormone concentrations in junior international and subelite male volleyball athletes (n = 18) were investigated. After resistance exercise, subjects randomly completed either 15-minute passive control (CON), contrast water therapy (CWT), cold (CWI), or hot water immersion (HWI) interventions. A treatment effect occurred after HWI; reducing perceptions of fatigue (HWI > CWT: p = 0.05, g = 0.43); improved sleep quality, compared with CON (p < 0.001, g = 1.15), CWI (p = 0.017, g = 0.70), and CWT (p = 0.018, g = 0.51); as well as increasing testosterone concentration (HWI > CWT: p = 0.038, g = 0.24). There were trivial to small (p < 0.001–0.039, g = 0.02–0.34) improvements (treatment effect) in jump performance (i.e., squat jump and countermovement jump) after all water immersion strategies, as compared with CON, with high variability in the individual responses. There were no significant differences (interaction effect, p > 0.05) observed between the water immersion intervention strategies and CON in performance (p = 0.153–0.99), hormone (p = 0.207–0.938), nor perceptual (p = 0.368–0.955) measures. To optimize recovery and performance responses, e.g., during an in-season competition phase, postresistance exercise HWI may assist with providing small-to-large improvements for up to 38 hours in perceived recovery (i.e., increased sleep quality and reduced fatigue) and increases in circulating testosterone concentration. Practitioners should consider individual athlete neuromuscular performance responses when prescribing postexercise hydrotherapy. These findings apply to athletes who aim to improve their recovery status, where postresistance exercise HWI optimizes sleep quality and next-day perceptions of fatigue.

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The Reliability and Magnitude of Time-Dependent Force-Time Characteristics During the Isometric Midthigh Pull Are Affected by Both Testing Protocol and Analysis Choices

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

The Influence of Instruction on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Force-Time Variables

The Influence of Instruction on Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Force-Time Variables

Sprint cycling rate of torque development associates with strength measurement in trained cyclists

Acute Performance, Daily Well-Being, and Hormone Responses to Water Immersion After Resistance Exercise in Junior International and Subelite Male Volleyball Athletes

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