The Relationship of the Virus to Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Epstein, M. A.; Achong, B. G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67236-1_14

Cited by 105 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 118 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Over a 20-year period 920 of malignant salivary-gland neoplasms in Greenland were identified as undifferentiated carcinomas (Nielsen et al, 1978 (Henle & Henle, 1979a (Nielsen et al, 1978;Lanier et al, 1981) but, in the 3 cases described here, biopsy samples from the nasopharynx contained no tumour tissue. EBV is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis (Henle & Henle, 1979b) and is uniquely associated with BL (Epstein & Achong, 1979) and NPC (AndersonAnvret et al, 1978;Klein, 1979). Recently, a link has also been demonstrated between EBV and certain lymphoproliferative disorders that occur in patients with inherited or acquired immunodeficiencies (Saemundsen et al, 1981 STEHLIN, J.…”

Section: Salivary Gland Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal and salivary gland carcinomas of Greenland Eskimoes

Saemundsen¹,

Albeck²,

Hansen³

et al. 1982

Br J Cancer

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary.-Biopsy specimens from nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) or salivarygland carcinomas (SGC) in Greenland Eskimoes were examined for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA and sera from the patients were tested for EBVspecific antibody titres. Six out of 7 NPCs and one from an undifferentiated SGC were positive for EBV DNA. The EBV-specific antibody spectra and titres of the patients with NPC or undifferentiated SGC conformed to the results of earlier studies in other high-incidence areas.

show abstract

Section: Salivary Gland Carcinomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal and salivary gland carcinomas of Greenland Eskimoes

Saemundsen¹,

Albeck²,

Hansen³

et al. 1982

Br J Cancer

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most abundant virus-encoded RNA species in LCLs, however, are small non-polyadenylated nuclear RNAs (EBERs) which are not translated into proteins (Howe & Steitz, 1986;Sample & Kieff, 1990). Other examples of latent EBV infection are provided by endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (Epstein & Achong, 1979;Klein, 1979) the expression of latent viral antigens in these lesions is restricted to EBNA 1 in BL (Rowe et al, 1987a) and to EBNA 1 usually accompanied by LMP in NPCs (Young et al, 1988;Fahraeus et al 1988). In addition, the EBERs are transcribed in both BL and NPC, apparently to similar levels as in LCLs (Howe & Steitz, 1986;Rowe et al, 1987a;Gilligan et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most abundant virus-encoded RNA species in LCLs, however, are small non-polyadenylated nuclear RNAs (EBERs) which are not translated into proteins (Howe & Steitz, 1986;Sample & Kieff, 1990). Other examples of latent EBV infection are provided by endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (Epstein & Achong, 1979;Klein, 1979), both tumours in which malignant cells are consistently EBV genome-positive. However, 0001-0342 © 1991 SGM G. Niedobitek and others the expression of latent viral antigens in these lesions is restricted to EBNA 1 in BL (Rowe et al, 1987a) and to EBNA 1 usually accompanied by LMP in NPCs (Young et al, 1988;Fahraeus et al 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: Virus Replication in the Absence of a Detectable Latent Phase

Niedobitek

Young

Lau

et al. 1991

Journal of General Virology

164

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects both B lymphocytes and oropharyngeal epithelium, and it has been argued that the true reservoir of virus persistence in vivo is the self-renewing basal epithelial compartment. The identification of oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) of AIDS patients as a clinically apparent focus of EBV replication in lingual epithelium therefore provides a means of studying the EBV-epithelial cell interaction in situ. Replicative EBV DNA and productive cycle antigens are restricted to the upper, more differentiated epithelial layers in HL, and here we have applied highly sensitive in situ hybridization and immunohistological methods to examine the lower basal/suprabasal layers for evidence of latent EBV infection. We could not detect EBV DNA in these layers using an in situ DNA hybridization protocol which, on reference B cell lines, detected 1 viral genome/cell. Likewise, using sensitive in situ RNA hybridization for both the small non-polyadenylated EBER RNAs (abundant transcripts seen in all known forms of EBV latency) and the latent membrane protein (LMP) mRNA (the most abundant viral mRNA in B lymphoblastoid cell lines), the basal/suprabasal cells in HL were consistently negative; immunohistological staining with specific monoclonal antibodies also gave no evidence of latently infected LMP-positive cells. When the biopsy extracts were analysed by immunoblotting with selected human antisera, in addition to abundant productive cycle antigens, a band of constant size (66K) was observed which also reacted with immunopurified antibodies monospecific for one of the latency-associated nuclear antigens, EBNA l; the cellular origin of this EBNA 1 could not be ascertained, but it is possible that in HL the protein is expressed during the productive cycle. The absence of demonstrable EBV latency in the basal/ suprabasal cells of HL suggests that this is purely a virus replicative lesion which is sustained by continual re-infection of the maturing epithelium, not by the maturation of latently infected cells from the basal compartment. IntroductionEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus infecting more than 90~ of the population world-wide and persisting for life in the infected host. The best characterized target cell for EBV infection both in vivo and in vitro is the B lymphocyte; thus, when peripheral blood lymphocytes from virus carriers are placed in culture, EBV-immortalized B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) can be established by spontaneous outgrowth (Pope, 1967;Nilsson et al., 1971). Similarly, immortalization of B lymphocytes from previously uninfected individuals can be achieved by experimental EBV infection in vitro. Although a small subset of cells in LCLs may sustain EBV replication, the vast majority of cells remains non-productively (i.e. latently) infected. These latently infected B cells constitutively express a subset of viral genes encoding six EBV-encoded nuclear antigens (EBNA 1, 2, 3a, 3b, 3c and LP) and two membrane proteins, latent membrane protein (LMP) and terminal protein or ...

show abstract

“…The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus with potent cell growth transforming ability, is a B lymphotropic agent best known for its association with endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (Epstein & Achong, 1979) and with the B cell lymphomas to which immunosuppressed patients are particularly prone (Cleary et al, 1986). Despite this predilection for the B cell system, the strongest and best documented link between EBV and a human cancer involves an epithelial tumour, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein--Barr Virus Gene Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Lw¹,

Dawson²,

Clark³

et al. 1988

Journal of General Virology

433

236

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYEpstein-Barr virus (EBV), an agent with growth transforming potential for human B cells, is associated with certain B cell lymphomas in man and also with an epithelial tumour, undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Since B cell growth transformation is associated with the constitutive expression of a small number of EBV-coded latent proteins, the nuclear antigens EBNA 1, EBNA 2, EBNA 3 and EBNA-LP and the latent membrane protein (LMP), the present work sought to determine whether this same pattern of virus gene expression occurred in NPC. Tumour biopsies were taken from NPC patients from three areas of differing tumour incidence (Kenya, Algeria, Britain) and immediately snap-frozen, as were biopsies of non-EBV-related carcinomas for controls. Immunoblotting of PAGE-separated proteins with selected human sera identified 24 NPC biopsies clearly expressing EBNA 1. When the analysis was extended using selected human sera with antibodies against the other EBNAs, there was no detectable expression of EBNA 2, EBNA 3 or EBNA-LP in any of these 24 biopsies; their EBNA 2-negative status was confirmed using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) PE2 which was reactive in immunoblotting and in immunoprecipitation with EBNA 2A and EBNA 2B proteins. Similar experiments with two different LMP-specific MAbs, CS1 to 4 and S12, revealed heterogeneity between NPC biopsies; 9/24 biopsies were demonstrably LMP-positive, the degree of expression varying considerably between individual tumours in a manner which was not related to the level of EBNA 1 expression. None of the 24 NPC biopsies expressed detectable amounts of EBV lytic cycle antigens. A nude mouse-passaged NPC cell line, C15, likewise expressed EBNA 1 and LMP but none of the other EBV latent proteins nor lytic cycle antigens. This work identifies a novel type of EBV-cell interaction in NPC cells which is distinct from that seen in in vitro transformed B cell lines and from that seen to date in EBV-positive B cell lymphomas.

show abstract

The Relationship of the Virus to Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Cited by 105 publications

References 118 publications

Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal and salivary gland carcinomas of Greenland Eskimoes

Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal and salivary gland carcinomas of Greenland Eskimoes

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: Virus Replication in the Absence of a Detectable Latent Phase

Epstein--Barr Virus Gene Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About