The relationship of serum vitamin D with pre‐eclampsia in the Iranian women

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for negative outcome in pregnancy, such as pre-term labour, low birthweight, intrauterine growth retardation and gestational diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and pre-eclampsia. This was a case-control study of 59 pre-eclamptic women and 59 healthy pregnant women selected in two hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. Women with term singleton pregnancy, nulliparous and of reproductive age were selected. Venous blood samples (2 mL) were taken and the level of 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D) was measured. If the levels of 25-OH-D were less than 10 ng mL(-1), between 10 ng mL(-1) and 29 ng mL(-1) and more than 30 ng mL(-1), they were considered as indicating deficient, insufficient and normal 25-OH-D concentrations, respectively. The independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square and logistic regression were used for analysing the data. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the pre-eclampsia group [odds ratio (OR) = 24.04, confidence interval (CI) = 2.10-274.8, P = 0.01]. Older women (30-35 years) were more likely to develop pre-eclampsia compared with the control group (OR = 10.36, CI = 2.18-49.09, P = 0.003). The results showed that women with body mass index (BMI) <20 were more likely to develop pre-eclampsia. The ages between 20 years and 30 years and normal BMI were not the risk factors for pre-eclampsia. Vitamin D deficiency has a statistically significant relationship with pre-eclampsia. It seems that the serum vitamin D levels are low in Iranian women because of their particular lifestyle and they may need more than 400 IU day(-1) vitamin D supplement during pregnancy.

Efficacy of two different doses of oral vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers and maternal and neonatal outcomes

“…Poor vitamin D status in pregnant women reported from many countries has been associated with inauspicious outcomes in mother, her newborn, and the birth itself (Palacios & González, 2014). Some of these are gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia in mother (Abedi, Mohaghegh, Afshary, & Latifi, 2014), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight, and respiratory problems like wheezing and asthma in child (Newhook et al, 2009). Of the adverse birth outcomes associated with vitamin D deficiency (VDD), preterm delivery, abortion, and caesarean section can be mentioned (Agarwal, Kovilam, & Agrawal, 2018;Wei, 2014).…”

Relationship Among Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes, Preeclampsia, Vitamin D Level, and Immunomodulation: A Narrative Review

“…They thus concluded that maternal vitamin D deficiency might be an independent risk factor for preeclampsia and recommended the conduction of some studies on the effect of vitamin D supplementation during the early period of pregnancy for preventing preeclampsia and promoting neonates' health (31). Abedi et al (2014) conducted a case-control study in Ahwaz on 59 preeclamptic pregnancies and 59 normal pregnancies. The authors found that vitamin D level was significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnancies and recommended the intake of 400IU/day vitamin D for pregnant women (32).…”

“…Abedi et al (2014) conducted a case-control study in Ahwaz on 59 preeclamptic pregnancies and 59 normal pregnancies. The authors found that vitamin D level was significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnancies and recommended the intake of 400IU/day vitamin D for pregnant women (32). In Mashhad, Ghomian et al performed a case-control study on 160 subjects and concluded that, although vitamin D deficiency was observed in both groups, it was significantly higher in women with preeclampsia (33).…”

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“…A deficiência de vitamina D pode ser um fator de risco para o resultado negativo na gravidez, como parto pré-termo, baixo peso ao nascer, restrição do crescimento intra-uterino e diabetes gestacional (ABEDI et al, 2013).…”

“…O estudo foi realizado com 44.825 mulheres inscritas durante a gravidez no Danish National Birth Cohort longitudinal entre os anos de 1996 a 2002.Foi avaliada a ingestão de vitamina D da dieta à base de suplementos. Os resultados sugeriram uma fraca relação inversa entre a alta total de vitamina D e os resultados de asma tardia nas crianças, mas não no início da infância Abedi et al (2013). realizaram estudo que teve como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a vitamina D e a pré-eclâmpsia.…”