The Relationship of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Depression in Korean Adults: A Moderating Effect of Overall Nutritional Adequacy

Kang, Minjeong; Joo, Mingyu; Hong, Haeryun; Kang, Hyunah

doi:10.3390/nu13082626

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Numerous research findings using these data have been published, and research on depression is currently being undertaken. Using the KNHANES V-VII (2010-2018) data, it has been reported that depression is associated with low intake of fruits and vegetables [82], low consumption of curry rice [83], seaweed and mushroom [84], sugar-sweetened beverages consumption (≥ 1/day) [85], short sleep (≤ 6 h) [86], increased work-related physical activity, decreased recreational physical activity [84,87], poor dietary habits [88,89], gender difference, night eating, and nutritional adequacy [90] in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Inadequacy in Korean Young Adults with Depression: A Case Control Study

et al. 2023

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The role of diet is gaining attention among the modifiable factors associated with depression; thus, this case–control study examined the association between nutrition and depression in young Korean adults. Dietary surveys in individuals with depression (n = 39) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 76) were conducted using food records and food frequency questionnaires. Men with depression consumed less mushrooms and meat, while women consumed significantly less grains (p < 0.05). Overall, the depression group consumed less energy and nutrients, and the difference was more pronounced in men. The male depression group had lower nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for energy, protein, vitamin A, thiamine, niacin, folate, and phosphorus, whereas the female depression group had lower NARs for energy, protein, niacin, and vitamin B12. The depression group had a significantly lower mean adequacy ratio in both genders. Furthermore, the proportion of inappropriate nutrient intake was higher in both genders of the depression group, exhibiting significant differences in energy, protein, niacin, folate, and zinc in men and energy, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin C in women. Hence, both men and women in the depression group had poor nutrient intake and high rates of nutrient inadequacy and improper consumption. This suggests that the quantity and quality of meals should be improved for individuals with depressive symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Inadequacy in Korean Young Adults with Depression: A Case Control Study

et al. 2023

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“…Sleep disturbances such as insomnia and hypersomnia are the most prominent symptoms among depressed patients, with a stronger prevalence in females [37]. Third, there are other potential factors for gender differences in these relationships, including socio-economic status [20], social factors [20], nutritional adequacy [38], and others [39]. Lastly, biological factors such as cholesterol, cytokines, and appetite regulating hormones are also involved in the gender differences of the relationships between behavioral risk factors and depression [34], which remain to be further investigated in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sleep quality in relation to MDD risk should be further investigated. Fourth, the relationship between behavioral risk factors and depression may be mediated by other factors, such as, socio-economic and social factors, nutritional status and others [35][36][37][38][39][40], which needs to be further addressed in a future study. Lastly, although the accuracy of the PHQ-9 score for screening MDD was previously tested and validated in Korean elderly populations [24], it is a subjective screening test and not cover all depression criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender difference in the relationships between behavioral risk factors and depression in older Korean adults

Hong¹,

Kang²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

JOMH

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Background: Gender difference regarding the relationship between lifestyle choices and depression is unclear in Korea. This study investigated the relationship between behavioral risk factors and depression by gender in older Korean adults. Methods: The data used in the current study were obtained from 5024 participants aged 60 years and older (56% women) of the sixth and seventh editions of the Korea National Health and Examination Survey (KNHANES). The main outcome was depression, which was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9. Exposures included smoking, at-risk alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and inadequate sleep. Body mass index (BMI), household income, educational background, marital status, and number of existing diseases were included as covariates. Results: Depressed persons were older (p = 0.003), had lower income (p < 0.001), lower marital status (p = 0.021), lower education (p < 0.001), lower smoking (p = 0.003), higher rates of physical inactivity (p = 0.009) and inadequate sleep (p = 0.011), and higher number of existing diseases (p < 0.001) compared with not depressed persons. Regression analysis showed that depression was significantly associated with sex (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), income (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.001), smoking (p = 0.033), physical inactivity (p = 0.021), inadequate sleep (p < 0.001), and number of existing diseases (p < 0.001). Generalized linear regression analysis showed a significant interaction between gender and number of unhealthy behaviors on the PHQ-9 score (p = 0.004), such that depression risk was significantly associated with clustered unhealthy behaviors in women only. Conclusions: The current findings showed that physical inactivity and inadequate sleep were independent predictors for depression in women, with no such relationship in men.

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“…First, the cross-sectional nature of the study limits any determination about causality regarding the association between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms. Second, the relationship between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms may be influenced by other factors, such as nutritional status [ 42 ], socioeconomic status [ 31 ], and existing health conditions [ 43 ], which needs to be further addressed in a future study. Third, a reverse relationship between sarcopenia and depressive symptoms may also exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and Synergistic Relationships of Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Function with Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults

Jin

Kang

2021

IJERPH

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This study examined the relationship of low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and low muscle function with depressive symptoms in Korean older adults. Community-dwelling Korean older adults aged 65 years and older (n = 521) participated in this study. Appendicular muscle mass (ASM) and muscle function (MF) scores were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning and sit-to-stand mean power based on a 30 s chair stand test, respectively. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Korean form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of depressive symptoms according to ASM- and MF-based subgroups; normal ASM/normal MF, low ASM/normal MF, normal ASM/low MF, and low ASM/low MF. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 21.3% in all patients: 20.7% in women and 21.5% in men. Compared to the normal ASM/normal MF participants (OR = 1), the risk of depressive symptoms rose incrementally in subjects with low ASM/normal MF (OR = 2.963, p = 0.019), normal AMS/low MF (OR = 3.843, p = 0.002), and low ASM/low MF (OR = 7.907, p < 0.001), respectively. The current findings suggest that the coexistence of low ASM and low MF is significantly and independently associated with an increased risk for depressive symptoms, with dynapenia having a stronger relationship.

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The Relationship of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Depression in Korean Adults: A Moderating Effect of Overall Nutritional Adequacy

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Nutrient Inadequacy in Korean Young Adults with Depression: A Case Control Study

Nutrient Inadequacy in Korean Young Adults with Depression: A Case Control Study

Gender difference in the relationships between behavioral risk factors and depression in older Korean adults

Individual and Synergistic Relationships of Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Function with Depressive Symptoms in Korean Older Adults

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