seems little doubt that this type is due to the previous long-standing bilharzia infection ; it has been ascribed to (a) long-standing sepsis, (b) mechanical irritation, and (c) prolonged action of toxins from the ova (Makar, 1942). SUMMARY I . Routine use of the cystoscope in both the diagnosis and treatment of bilharzial cystitis is advocated.2. The typical appearances at cystoscopy are described.3. A number of individual cases are presented, indicating in detail where cystoscopy can help in avoiding the difficulties of early and differential diagnosis and in assessing the efficacy of treatment.
4.The common sequelae of this condition are enumerated and described briefly.My thanks are due to the Hon.