The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Postpartum Depression in Reproductive-Aged Iranian Women

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and postpartum depression in reproductive-aged Iranian women. Methods and Results This study was conducted on 120 women (60 with postpartum depression and 60 without) in Izeh, Iran. A socio-demographic questionnaire and Beck Depression Scale were used for data collection. The ELISA method was used for measuring 25-OH vitamin D (ng). The participants were classified according to their vitamin D level as follows: 25-OH-D < 10ng/ml considered as severe deficiency, 10–20n g/ml as moderate insufficiency, 20–30 ng/ml as mild insufficiency and >30ng/ml as normal. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test, chi-square and logistic regression test. The mean level of vitamin D of women with postpartum depression was lower than that in normal women (16.89±7.05 vs. 21.28±7.13, p=0.001). More than 53% of women with postpartum depression had vitamin D <20 ng/ml compared to 31.7% of women with no depression (p=0.005). Moreover, 16.7% of women with postpartum depression had vitamin D < 10ng/ml compared to only 6.7% in the normal group (p = 0.005). Women with vitamin D less than 20ng/ml compared to vitamin D > 20ng/ml were 3.30 times more likely to have postpartum depression (OR: 3.3, CI: 1.32–8.24, p= 0.01). Discussion There is a significant relationship between a low level of vitamin D and postpartum depression among reproductive-aged Iranian women. Health policy makers should pay attention to the measuring vitamin D level as one of the primary tests of pregnant women.

Relationship between Sera Vitamin D, Calcium, and Magnesium Levels in Pregnant Women with and without Postpartum Depression

“…[30] Many researchers have found that receptors of Vitamin D are primarily doled out throughout the brain of human, and its lack mutates neurotransmitters which are familiar to be included in of depression's symptoms. [12] Although the results of our study indicated a slight decrease in Vitamin D concentrations among the pregnant women who afterbirth affected by PPD; we found that the sera Vitamin D levels had no significant link between women with PPD and those with non-PPD (P = 0.6497), as shown in Table 1 [5,12,[31][32][33][34] they also found sera Vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in depressed women than in the healthy subject. Similarly, the study Wang et al [35] did not record a considerable connect between depressive symptoms and low concentrations of Vitamin D through pregnancy.…”

“…[4] It is characterized by low appetite, fatigue, the feeling of guilt, and sleep problems. [5] Untreated maternal illness is potentially associated with adverse consequences for the mother, her infant, and her family. [6] The etiology remains unclear and complex.…”

The association between Vitamin D levels and postpartum depression: a review

“…A case-control study of reproductive-aged Iranian women who had a venous blood sample taken 6-8 weeks after childbirth discovered an association between low vitamin D levels and PPD. (Abedi et al 2018).…”

“…The association between vitamin D levels and PPD is still conflicting. Several studies assumed that vitamin D deficiency might worsen PPD symptoms (Robinson et al 2014;Abedi et al 2018;Rouhi et al 2018;Pillai et al 2021;Amini et al 2022). A systematic review in 2019, including seven articles, reported that findings from six cohort studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is associated with the incidence of PPD.…”

Association of Vitamin D with Obesity in Premenstrual Syndrome: A Study of Female Population of Hyderabad, Sindh

“…PMS can be caused by an assortment of causes, including hormone changes, sustenance, and lifestyle [1][2] . Females enduring from PMS are more likely to have picked up weight or experienced upsetting occasions within the past year [3][4][5] . Low Calcifediol levels are affected by dietary and/or behavioral changes in obese women 6 .…”