The Relationship between Vegetable Intake and Weight Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Nour, Monica; Lutze, Sarah Alice; Grech, Amanda; Allman‐Farinelli, Margaret

doi:10.3390/nu10111626

Cited by 109 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…We found the risk of school-aged childhood obesity to be inversely associated with the reported frequency of fruit and vegetable intake, irrespective of junk food intake and level of daily activity. These findings are in line with previous studies reporting that fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with lower BMI [39,40], reduced weight gain [13], or adiposity [41,42]. We found a strong additive interaction between fruit and vegetable intake and sedentary behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Improved Understanding of Interactions between Risk Factors for Child Obesity May Lead to Better Designed Prevention Policies and Programs in Indonesia

et al. 2020

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The nutrition transition in low-middle income countries is marked by rising intakes of highly caloric, low nutrient-dense (junk) foods, decreasing intakes of fruits and vegetables, and sedentary behavior. The objective of this study was to explore interactions among fruit-and-vegetable intake, junk food energy intake, sedentary behavior, and obesity in Indonesian children. We conducted this school-based, case-control study in 2013 in Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia. The cases were 244 obese children aged 7–12 years having a BMI ≥95th percentile of an age- and sex-specific distribution from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The controls (n = 244) were classroom-matched children with a BMI <85th percentile. Using conditional logistic regression, the relative odds (95% confidence intervals; OR: 95% CI) of obesity given reported frequent fruit-and-vegetable intake (≥3 servings/day), low junk food energy (≤1050 kcal/day) intake and low sedentary behavior (<5 h/day) was 0.46 (0.30–0.69), 0.61 (0.37–0.98), and 0.18 (0.12–0.28), respectively. Effect sizes were dose-responsive and appeared additive. For example, children with low sedentary behavior and frequent fruit-and-vegetable intake were 92% less likely (OR = 0.08; 0.04–0.15) to be obese than children not exceeding either of these thresholds. Similarly, children frequently eating fruits and vegetables and reporting a low junk food energy intake were 70% less likely (OR = 0.30; 0.15–0.59) to be obese. The findings were unchanged after adjusting for child, maternal, and household covariates. Preventive interventions for child obesity need multiple components to improve diets and raise levels of physical activity rather than just addressing one of the three types of assessed behaviors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Fruit and vegetable intakes are inversely associated with overweight and obesity [12][13][14]. We have previously reported that obese school-aged children in Indonesia had a lower fruit and vegetable intake than non-obese children [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improved Understanding of Interactions between Risk Factors for Child Obesity May Lead to Better Designed Prevention Policies and Programs in Indonesia

et al. 2020

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“…A systematic review of cohort studies provided moderate-quality evidence for an inverse association between vegetable intake and weight-related outcomes in adults [42]. Vegetables and fruit have similar properties; however, the effect on weight might differ [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Diet, Physical Activity and Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density of Soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry Units

et al. 2020

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Research from recent years indicates a problem of excessive body weight among soldiers, who, due to the kind of work carried out, should possess good health and fitness levels. The aim of the study was to determine the association between diet and physical activity and the nutritional status of soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry Units. One hundred and twenty male soldiers (aged 28 ± 5 years) completed a questionnaire (food frequency questionnaire, long-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and bone calcification of the forearm was assessed by the DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) densitometric method. This study confirmed the association between both the diet and physical activity and body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) expressed as T-score. Significant negative correlations were found between BMI and the frequency of consumption of cereal products, meat products and fish, and nonalcoholic beverages, between FMI and cereal products, and between BMD T-score and meat products and fish, fat, nuts, and grains, sweets and snacks, and nonalcoholic beverages. Physical activity expressed as metabolic equivalent (MET-minutes/week) negatively correlated with FMI (but not BMI) and positively correlated with the BMD T-score. This study confirmed numerous irregularities in eating behavior and in nutritional status indices; therefore, there is a need for nutritional education and further monitoring of both dietary behaviors and nutritional status of soldiers.

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“…Several previous studies have also demonstrated an inverse association between fruit/vegetable consumption and body adiposity. [58][59][60][61][62] Study participants with low fruit/vegetable consumption displayed a 10 times odds of having excess body weight compared to regular fruit/vegetables consumers. Overall, consistent with earlier studies on this topic, similar unhealthy habits have been associated with increasing obesity rates in this African population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Obesity Epidemic in Urban Tanzania: A Public Health Calamity in an already Overwhelmed and Fragmented Health System.

Pallangyo¹,

Mgopa²,

Mkojera³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Worldwide, the epidemiological and demographic transitions have resulted in nutrition shift characterized by an increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy-dense fast food products. In just over 3 decades, overweight and obesity rates have nearly tripled to currently affecting over a third of the global population. Notwithstanding the ever present under-nutrition burden, sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is witnessing a drastic escalation of overweight and obesity. We aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors for obesity among residents of Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania.Methods Participants from this study were recruited during a community screening conducted in Dar es Salaam. Sociodemographic and clinical data were gathered using a structured questionnaire during enrollment. Dietary habits, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were assessed. All statistical analyses utilized STATA v11.0 software. Pearson Chi square and Student’s T-test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables respectively. Linear logistic regression analyses were used to assess for factors associated with BMI≥25. All tests were 2-sided and p<0.05 was used to denote a statistical significance.Results A total of 6691 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 43.1 years and males constituted 54.2% of all participants. Over two-thirds of participants were alcohol consumers and 6.9% had a positive smoking history. Eighty eight point three percent of participants were underactive, 4.7% had a history of diabetes mellitus and 18.1% were known to have elevated blood pressure. Overweight and obesity were observed in 34.8% and 32.4% of participants respectively. Among overweight and obese participants, 32.8% had a misperception of having a healthy weight. Age≥40, female sex, a current working status, habitual breakfast skipping, poor water intake, high soft drink consumption, regular fast food intake, low vegetable and fruit consumption, alcohol consumption and elevated blood pressure were found to be independent associated factors for obesity.Conclusion A sizeable proportion of participants were overweight or obese. Concomitantly, the rates of physical inactivity and unhealthy eating are disproportionately high. In view of this, community-based and multilevel public health strategies to promote and maintain healthy eating and physical activity require an urgent step-up in urban Tanzania.

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The Relationship between Vegetable Intake and Weight Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Cited by 109 publications

References 63 publications

Improved Understanding of Interactions between Risk Factors for Child Obesity May Lead to Better Designed Prevention Policies and Programs in Indonesia

Improved Understanding of Interactions between Risk Factors for Child Obesity May Lead to Better Designed Prevention Policies and Programs in Indonesia

Association Between Diet, Physical Activity and Body Mass Index, Fat Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density of Soldiers of the Polish Air Cavalry Units

Obesity Epidemic in Urban Tanzania: A Public Health Calamity in an already Overwhelmed and Fragmented Health System.

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