The Relationship between Urine Osmolality and Specific Gravity

Voinescu, Gentiana C.; Shoemaker, Michael J; Moore, Harold L.; Khanna, Ramesh; Nolph, Karl D.

doi:10.1097/00000441-200201000-00007

Cited by 66 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Urine SG has been known to correlate with U-OSM traditionally, 16 but it appears to be too crude to estimate U-OSM precisely, as shown in previous studies. 17, 18 In the present study, urine SG was not a good predictor of TLV response. channel (ENaC) in the distal nephrons.…”

Section: Baseline Patient Characteristicscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Urine Osmolality Estimated Using Urine Urea Nitrogen, Sodium and Creatinine Can Effectively Predict Response to Tolvaptan in Decompensated Heart Failure Patients

Imamura

Kinugawa

Minatsuki

et al. 2013

Circ J

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Section: Baseline Patient Characteristicscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Urine Osmolality Estimated Using Urine Urea Nitrogen, Sodium and Creatinine Can Effectively Predict Response to Tolvaptan in Decompensated Heart Failure Patients

Imamura

Kinugawa

Minatsuki

et al. 2013

Circ J

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“…Urine density, however, varies with the total mass of solutes, which depends not only on the number of particles present, but also on their molecular weight. Therefore, SG is affected more by the presence of heavy molecules such as glucose, albumin, phosphates, sulfates, radiocontrast media, and heavy metals than it is by low-molecular-weight substances such as sodium, chloride, and urea (6,29,30 ). Thus, SG correction may not be an appropriate method for individuals with diabetes mellitus and nephrotic syndrome, which cause high concentrations of glucose and protein in urine, increasing SG and underestimating urine analyte concentrations (30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations

Miller¹,

Brindle²,

Holman³

et al. 2004

Clinical Chemistry

276

211

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Background: Specific gravity (SG) may perform as well as creatinine (CR) correction for adjusting urinary hormone concentrations, as well as offer some advantages. We compared the two methods and applied them to US and Bangladeshi specimens to evaluate their use in different populations. Methods: Pearson correlations between serum concentrations and SG, CR, and uncorrected urinary concentrations were compared using paired daily urine and serum specimens from one menstrual cycle from 30 US women. Corrected urinary estrone conjugate and pregnanediol glucuronide concentrations were compared with serum estradiol and progesterone. Urine specimens across one menstrual cycle from 13 Bangladeshi women were used to evaluate the applicability of both methods to a nonindustrialized population. Linear mixed-effects models were used to compare CR and SG values in the Bangladeshi vs US specimens. Results: There was no significant difference between SG-corrected vs serum and CR-corrected vs serum correlations for either assay. Usable CR results were obtained for all US specimens, but 37% of the Bangladeshi specimens were below the CR assay limit of detection. The Bangladeshi sample had significantly lower CR and higher inter-and intrasubject CR variability than the US sample. Conclusions: SG is a potentially useful alternative to CR correction for normalizing urinary steroid hormone

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“…As a correction method, it may not be appropriate for individuals with diabetes mellitus and nephrotic syndrome. These diseases cause high concentrations of heavy molecules known to affect SG and, therefore, introduce the potential for underestimation of a urinary analyte [257,270,271]. The effect of exercise on SG however, is not well understood, although it can be assumed the aerobic, anaerobic, and physical impacts of contact sports would significantly affect the density of urine.…”

Section: Specific Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

Lindsay

Costello

2016

Sports Med

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Accurate monitoring of homeostatic perturbations following various psychophysiological stressors is essential in sports and exercise medicine. Various biomarkers are routinely used as monitoring tools in both clinical and elite sport settings. Blood collection and muscle biopsies, both invasive in nature, are considered the gold standard for the analysis of these biomarkers in exercise science. Exploring non-invasive methods of collecting and analysing biomarkers that are capable of providing accurate information regarding exercise-induced physiological and psychological stress is of obvious practical importance. This review describes the potential benefits, and the limitations, of using saliva and urine to ascertain biomarkers capable of identifying important stressors that are routinely encountered before, during, or after intense or unaccustomed exercise, competition, over-training, and inappropriate recovery. In particular, we focus on urinary and saliva biomarkers that have previously been used to monitor muscle damage, inflammation, cardiovascular stress, oxidative stress, hydration status, and brain distress. Evidence is provided from a range of empirical studies suggesting that urine and saliva are both capable of identifying various stressors. Although additional research regarding the efficacy of using urine and/or saliva to indicate the severity of exercise-induced psychophysiological stress is required, it is likely that these non-invasive biomarkers will represent "the future" in sports and exercise medicine.

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The Relationship between Urine Osmolality and Specific Gravity

Cited by 66 publications

References 4 publications

Urine Osmolality Estimated Using Urine Urea Nitrogen, Sodium and Creatinine Can Effectively Predict Response to Tolvaptan in Decompensated Heart Failure Patients

Urine Osmolality Estimated Using Urine Urea Nitrogen, Sodium and Creatinine Can Effectively Predict Response to Tolvaptan in Decompensated Heart Failure Patients

Comparison of Specific Gravity and Creatinine for Normalizing Urinary Reproductive Hormone Concentrations

Realising the Potential of Urine and Saliva as Diagnostic Tools in Sport and Exercise Medicine

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