The relationship between the characteristics of Biochar produced at different temperatures and its impact on the uptake of NO3 - -N

Ahmadvand, Maryam; Soltani, Jaber; Garmdareh, Seyyed Ebrahim Hashemi; Varavipour, Maryam

doi:10.15171/ehem.2018.10

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The lower adsorption capacity in our study was probably due to the low initial N concentrations in the water. Our results support the findings of Ahmadvand et al (2018), showing that with an increase in the initial N concentration of solution, the adsorption capacity of biochar tends to increase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Biochar as adsorbent in purification of clear-cut forest runoff water: adsorption rate and adsorption capacity

Saarela

Lafdani

Laurén

et al. 2020

Biochar

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Forest management practices in boreal peatlands increase nutrient export and suspended solids to watercourses calling for development of new water protection methods. One potential solution could be adsorption-based purification of runoff water using biochar. The aim of this study was to determine the adsorption rate and capacity for Norway spruce and silver birch biochars to design a biochar-filled reactor for a ditch drain. In a 10-day laboratory experiment, biochar was stirred with runoff water from a clear-cut peatland forest, and changes in water pH, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, and total organic carbon concentrations were measured. Based on the concentration changes, adsorption was quantified and adsorption model containing the adsorption rate and capacity was fitted to the data. Our results indicate that biochar effectively adsorbs both inorganic and organic nitrogen from runoff water. Birch biochar had higher adsorption capacity of nitrogen than spruce biochar. This study demonstrates that the adsorption of nitrogen compounds onto biochar surfaces increases with increasing initial concentrations. Thus, aquatic ecosystems exposed to high nutrient loads from fertile peatlands would particularly benefit from biochar-based water purification.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Biochar as adsorbent in purification of clear-cut forest runoff water: adsorption rate and adsorption capacity

Saarela

Lafdani

Laurén

et al. 2020

Biochar

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“…The adsorption amount of spruce and birch biochar increased with the increasing TN concentration in water (Figs. 2 and 3), which is probably due to the increased N availability in the solution and increased TN concentration gradient along the flow path from the solution to external surfaces and finally to internal surfaces of biochar (Lagritte & Pasquier, 2016;Ahmadvand et al, 2018). The results are consistent with the results obtained by Ahmadvand et al (2018) and Saarela et al (2020), showing that with an increase in the initial N concentration of the solution, the adsorption amount of biochar tends to increase.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…2 and 3), which is probably due to the increased N availability in the solution and increased TN concentration gradient along the flow path from the solution to external surfaces and finally to internal surfaces of biochar (Lagritte & Pasquier, 2016;Ahmadvand et al, 2018). The results are consistent with the results obtained by Ahmadvand et al (2018) and Saarela et al (2020), showing that with an increase in the initial N concentration of the solution, the adsorption amount of biochar tends to increase. The low initial concentrations of NH 4 + -N (< 0.02 mg L −1 ) was the reason why we could not determine the adsorption parameters for this compound, but based on the literature, it is known that biochar is an effective adsorbent for NH 4 + -N (Wang et al, 2015;Takaya et al, 2016;Yin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Therefore, the adsorbent must recover nutrients from a rather low concentration, high water volume, and in the presence of high dissolved organic matter concentration and should persist the adsorption under fluctuating nutrient concentrations. It has been reported that the adsorption amount increases with increasing element concentration in water (Ahmadvand et al, 2018;Saarela et al, 2020). This implies that the adsorption amount is improved when the runoff nutrient concentrations increase in the seasonal cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Nitrogen Recovery from Clear-Cut Forest Runoff Using Biochar: Adsorption–Desorption Dynamics Affected by Water Nitrogen Concentration

Lafdani

Laurén

Cvetkovic

et al. 2021

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Forest regeneration operations increase the concentration of nitrogen (N) in watercourses especially outside the growing season when traditional biological water protection methods are inefficient. Biochar adsorption-based water treatment could be a solution for nutrient retention. We studied the total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate–nitrogen (NO3−–N) adsorption–desorption properties of spruce and birch biochar. The adsorption test was performed under four different initial concentrations of TN (1, 2, 3, and 4 mg L−1) using forest runoff water collected from ditch drains of boreal harvested peatland. The results showed that the TN adsorption amount increased linearly from the lowest to the highest concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.4 and 3.2 times greater in the highest concentration (4 mg L−1) compared to the lowest concentration (1 mg L−1) in spruce and birch biochar, respectively. The NO3−–N adsorption amount of birch biochar increased linearly from 0 to 0.15 mg NO3−–N g biochar−1 when the initial concentration of NO3−–N increased from 0.2 to 1.4 mg L−1. However, in spruce biochar, the initial concentration did not affect NO3−–N adsorption amount. The results indicate that concentration significantly affects the biochar’s capacity to adsorb N from water. The desorption test was performed by adding biochar extracted from the adsorption test into the forest runoff water with low TN concentration (0.2 or 0.35 mg L−1). The desorption results showed that desorption was negligibly small, and it was dependent on the TN concentration for birch biochar. Therefore, biochar can be a complementary method supporting water purification in peatland areas.

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“…Little to no nitrate sorption capacity has been commonly observed for biochars produced from a broad range of feedstocks, productions methods, and temperatures (Gai et al, 2014b;Hale et al, 2013a;Hollister et al, 2013;Li et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2017;Zeng et al, 2013). Though exceptions have been observed in which biochars exhibited high nitrate binding capacities (Ahmadvand et al, 2018;Chandra et al, 2020), a recent study determined the average published maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of unmodified biochar for NO3-N to be as low as 1.95 mg g -1 (Zhang et al, 2020). This same study determined the average published Qmax of unmodified biochar for NH4 + -N to be 11.19 mg g -1 (Zhang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar alters hydraulic conductivity and inhibits nutrient leaching in two agricultural soils

Gelardi

Ainuddin

Rippner

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Biochar is purported to provide agricultural benefits when added to the soil, through changes in soil water hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), and increased nutrient retention through chemical or physical means. Despite increased interest and investigation, there remains uncertainty regarding the ability of biochar to deliver these agronomic benefits due to differences in biochar feedstock, production method, production temperature and soil texture. In this project, a suite of experiments was carried out using biochars of diverse feedstocks and production temperatures, in order to determine the biochar parameters which may optimize agricultural benefits. Sorption experiments were performed with seven distinct biochars to determine sorption efficiencies for ammonium and nitrate. Only one biochar effectively retained nitrate, while all biochars bound ammonium. The three biochars with the highest binding capacities (produced from almond shell at 500 and 800 °C (AS500 and AS800) and softwood at 500 °C (SW500)) were chosen for column experiments. Biochars were amended to a sandy loam and a silt loam at 0 and 2 % (w/w) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) was measured. Biochars reduced Ksat in both soils by 64–80 %, with the exception of AS800, which increased Ksat by 98 % in the silt loam. Breakthrough curves for nitrate and ammonium, as well as leachate nutrient concentration, were also measured in the sandy loam columns. All biochars significantly decreased the quantity of ammonium in the leachate, by 22 to 78 %, and slowed its movement through the soil profile. Ammonium retention was linked to high cation exchange capacity and a high oxygen to carbon ratio, indicating that the primary control of ammonium retention in biochar-amended soils is the chemical affinity between biochar surfaces and ammonium. Biochars had little to no effect on the timing of nitrate release, and only SW500 decreased total quantity, by 27 to 36 %. The ability of biochar to retain nitrate may be linked to high surface area, suggesting a physical entrapment rather than a chemical binding. Together, this work sheds new light on the combined chemical and physical means by which biochar may alter soils to impact nutrient leaching and hydraulic conductivity for agricultural production.

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The relationship between the characteristics of Biochar produced at different temperatures and its impact on the uptake of NO3 - -N

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Biochar as adsorbent in purification of clear-cut forest runoff water: adsorption rate and adsorption capacity

Biochar as adsorbent in purification of clear-cut forest runoff water: adsorption rate and adsorption capacity

Nitrogen Recovery from Clear-Cut Forest Runoff Using Biochar: Adsorption–Desorption Dynamics Affected by Water Nitrogen Concentration

Biochar alters hydraulic conductivity and inhibits nutrient leaching in two agricultural soils

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