The relationship between spontaneous rupture of membranes, labor, and microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and amniotic fluid concentrations of prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 in term pregnancy

Is there a relationship between maternal periodontitis and pre-term birth? A prospective hospital-based case-control study

“…Recently it has been suggested that maternal periodontitis influences birth outcome since periodontal infections have the same pathophysiological mechanism with genitourinary infections which are accepted as the major risk factor for prematurity [7,[12][13][14]. In this respect, we planned this study to determine if maternal periodontitis was associated with pre-term delivery in a sample of the Turkish population and the findings showed that the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for this association was 1.48, which was not meaningful for raising a risk indicator for pre-term birth.…”

“…Recently it has been suggested that maternal infections leading to alterations in the normal cytokine and hormone-regulated gestation may result in pre-term labor, premature rupture of membranes and pre-term birth [7]. Colonization or infection of the genital tract with Gram-negative bacteria which release endotoxins named lipopolysaccharides (LPS), induce the production of several inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGE 2 and PGF 2a ), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1b and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) initiating a cascade of events resulting in local inflammation, disruption of the choriodecidual interface and ultimately causing rupture of membranes and cervical ripening [8].…”

Rupture prématurée des membranes avant terme : attitude interventionniste ou expectative ?

“…Enfin, dans la plupart des études récentes publiées, seuls les cas ou l'amniocentèse à été réalisée sont inclus dans l'étude. Or celle-ci n'est possible que dans 30 à 80 % des cas lorsque les membranes sont rompues à cause de la diminution, voire de l'absence, de LA [42][43][44]. Les cas les plus sévères de RPMAT étant ceux avec un anamnios, on peut supposer que le taux de cultures positives du LA est sous-estimé.…”

An elevated amniotic fluid prostaglandin F2αconcentration is associated with intra-amniotic inflammation/infection, and clinical and histologic chorioamnionitis, as well as impending preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes

“…Prostaglandins are considered the mediators of parturition [127–145], and they (unlike oxytocin) can stimulate myometrial contractility [146–158] during the first, second, and third trimesters, induce cervical remodeling [22, 24, 27, 159–168], and participate in extracellular matrix degradation leading to rupture of the membranes [30, 132, 169–177]. The main prostaglandins found in amniotic fluid are prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) [142, 178, 179].…”

“…The main prostaglandins found in amniotic fluid are prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) [142, 178, 179]. The concentration of these eicosanoids increases prior to the onset of labor at term [136, 140, 142], during labor [133, 179] and rupture of the membranes [132], and in spontaneous preterm labor [particularly in the setting of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC)] [129–131, 137, 173, 180–187]. Despite the physiologic and pharmacologic importance of prostaglandins in spontaneous term and preterm labor, there is a paucity of literature examining the potential role of prostaglandin concentrations in the assessment of patients with preterm labor [129–131, 142, 173, 180–184, 187].…”