The relationship between social inequalities, substance use and violence in border and non-border cities of northern Mexico

Borges, Guilherme; Lown, E. Anne; Orozco, Ricardo; Cherpitel, Cheryl J.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.02.029

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Using the data presented in the article by Di Forti et al (2019, Table 1), I calculated unadjusted odds ratios for psychotic disorder of 2.92 for unemployment and 3.80 for their lowest education level (school with no qualifications), both of which are substantially higher than their ratios for cannabis use. If we consider the fact that tobacco use (more than ten cigarettes per day) is also strongly associated with psychotic disorder in these data, the overall picture might seem to indicate that such disorder is most importantly associated with factors such as underprivilege, marginalization, and distress, which are in turn associated with the use of both tobacco, cannabis, and many other drugs (Barros et al, 2018; Borges et al, 2019; Cho and Kogan, 2016; Coley et al, 2018; Cooper et al, 2013; Gage et al, 2020). Di Forti et al (2019) seem to have controlled for education and unemployment in their analysis, but not for other causes of distress such as poverty, childhood abuse, living in a community with high levels of violent crime, social exclusion, general psychological trauma, and so forth; other researchers were even less rigorous.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative harms assessments for cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco: Risk for psychosis, cognitive impairment, and traffic accident

Johnstad

2022

Drug Science, Policy and Law

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Researchers have associated cannabis use with risk for psychosis, cognitive impairment, and traffic accident. However, this review shows that the association between moderate cannabis use and psychosis is no stronger, and often considerably weaker, than the corresponding association for moderate tobacco use. The same holds for associations with cognitive impairment. For the risk of traffic accident, the review confirms that the risk from alcohol use is substantially stronger than the risk from cannabis use, while the corresponding risk from tobacco use appears to be almost as strong as that from cannabis use. It thus appears that the risk for psychosis, cognitive impairment, and traffic accident associated with cannabis use is generally comparable to that from tobacco use. The article discusses different interpretations of these comparative harms assessments and presents two points of methodological critique to argue that the risks associated with cannabis and other generally criminalized drugs are probably exaggerated. First, any measurement of harms associated with high escapist activities such as drug abuse will be affected by the general dysfunction associated with the underlying reason why a person settles for frequent escapism. From this perspective, cannabis and tobacco use disorder are probably both associated with underlying problems and life issues that are, in and of themselves, associated with psychopathology, and researchers should be careful not to conflate the selection effect from belonging to the population segment that opts for high escapist lifestyles with any (putative) harmful effect from drug use itself. Second, criminalization probably shifts the composition of the user population in the direction of more dysfunctional users. From this perspective, the association between substance use disorder and underlying problems and life issues is stronger for criminalized substances, since people who live troubled lives are less likely to be deterred by the prospect of legal problems.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative harms assessments for cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco: Risk for psychosis, cognitive impairment, and traffic accident

Johnstad

2022

Drug Science, Policy and Law

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“…While Mexico has become a developed country, more than half of their inhabitants lives in a state of precariousness and lack of inclusion conditions and social differences are becoming more acute (29). For decades, social development in health, education, housing, basic services, food, and work, as well as social protection, security, and violence reduction have been unequally distributed in the region (30)(31)(32). These circumstances have contributed to modify some health conditions in Mexican men and women with consequences in many periods of life, even beyond future generations (33)(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Social Development In Mexican Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Social Development Index

Martínez-García

Gutiérrez-Esparza

Roblero-Godinez

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The complex etiology of CVD is known to be significantly affected by environmental and social factors. There is, however, a lag in our understanding of how population level components may be related to the onset and severity of CVD, and how some indicators of unsatisfied basic needs might be related to known risk factors. Here, we present a cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and Social Development Index (SDI) in adult individuals within a metropolitan urban environment. The six components of SDI as well as socioeconomic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and risk behavior parameters were explored within the study population. As a result, several CVRF (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and sodium) were found in a higher proportion in the low or very low levels of the SDI, and this pattern occurs more in women than in men. Canonical analysis indicates a correlation between other socioeconomic features and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical factors (canonical coefficient = 0.8030). Further studies along these lines are needed to fully establish how to insert such associations into the design of health policy and interventions with a view to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in metropolitan urban environments.

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Alzheimer disease starts in childhood in polluted Metropolitan Mexico City. A major health crisis in progress

Calderón‐Garcidueñas

Torres‐Jardón

Kulesza

et al. 2020

Environmental Research

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The relationship between social inequalities, substance use and violence in border and non-border cities of northern Mexico

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative harms assessments for cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco: Risk for psychosis, cognitive impairment, and traffic accident

Comparative harms assessments for cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco: Risk for psychosis, cognitive impairment, and traffic accident

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Social Development Index

Alzheimer disease starts in childhood in polluted Metropolitan Mexico City. A major health crisis in progress

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