“…columns (Metcalf and Eddy 2003), columns that can be rotated about the column centre (Aston column; e.g., see Tyack et al 1996), and multiple-column devices with sequentially operated series of columns, with or without pre-settling of samples (e.g., Benoist & Lijklema 1990; Michelbach & Wö hrle 1992; Aiguier et al 1996). Recently, promising results were reported with settleability testing by multiple column protocols, referred to as VICTOR, VIC-POL or VICAS (e.g., Chebbo et al 2003;Gromaire et al doi: 10.2166Gromaire et al doi: 10.…”