The relationship between self-stimulation and sniffing in rats: does a common brain system mediate these behaviors?

Ikemoto, Satoshi; Panksepp, Jaak

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(94)90155-4

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Therefore it is interesting to observe that under natural conditions sniffing in rats is usually a component of a coordinated rhythmic motor sequence involving nose, head, and whisker movements. Moreover, sniffing can be elicited by reward anticipation in the absence of odors or environmental novelty (Bindra and Campbell 1967;Clarke 1971) as well as by electrical stimulation of brain areas involved in reward processing (Ikemoto and Panksepp 1994). These observations suggest a broader context in which control over sniffing patterns may be relevant for coordinating olfactory processing with other senses and part of an anticipatory brain state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Similarly, in fixed-ratio conditioning for sucrose or brain-stimulation reward, sniffing rates increase in anticipation of reward delivery (Clarke 1971;Waranch and Terman 1975). Finally, brain regions whose activation is intrinsically rewarding, such as the lateral hypothalamus (Olds and Milner 1954), when electrically stimulated elicit exploratory behaviors as well as high-frequency sniffing (Ikemoto and Panksepp 1994). Thus sniffing appears to be a correlate of an anticipatory behavioral state in rats.…”

Section: Multiple Sniffing Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and Precise Control of Sniffing During Olfactory Discrimination in Rats

Kepecs

Uchida

Mainen

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

189

207

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Kepecs A, Uchida N, Mainen ZF. Rapid and precise control of sniffing during olfactory discrimination in rats. J Neurophysiol 98: 205-213, 2007. First published April 25, 2007 doi:10.1152/jn.00071.2007. Olfactory perception relies on an active sampling process, sniffing, to rapidly deliver odorants from the environment to the olfactory receptors. The respiration cycle strongly patterns the flow of information into the olfactory systems, but the behavioral significance of particular sniffing patterns is not well understood. Here, we monitored the frequency and timing of nasal respiration in rats performing an odor-mixture-discrimination task that allowed us to test subjects near psychophysical limits and to quantify the precise timing of their behavior. We found that respiration frequencies varied widely from 2 to 12 Hz, but odor discrimination was dependent on 6-to 9-Hz sniffing: rats almost always entered and maintained this frequency band during odor sampling and their accuracy on difficult discrimination dropped when they did not. Moreover, the switch from baseline respiration to sniffing occurred not in response to odor delivery but in anticipation of odor sampling and was executed rapidly, almost always within a single cycle. Interestingly, rats also switched from respiration to rapid sniffing in anticipation of reward delivery, but in a distinct frequency band, 9 -12 Hz. These results demonstrate the speed and precision of control over respiration and its significance for olfactory behavioral performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Multiple Sniffing Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Precise Control of Sniffing During Olfactory Discrimination in Rats

Kepecs

Uchida

Mainen

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

189

207

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Localized electrical brain stimulation studies (Olds & Milner, 1954;Heath, 1964, Olds, 1977Wauquier & Rolls, 1976) have implicated the ML-DA in positive rewarding states (Wise, 1978;Wise & Rompre, 1989) as well as in appetitive motivated behaviors (Panksepp, 1971(Panksepp, , 1981a(Panksepp, , 19821986Blackburn et al, 1987;Berridge & Robinson, 1998;Ikemoto & Panksepp, 1999). Since DA is also released in response to aversive stimuli and stress (Abercombie et al, 1989;Puglisi-Allegra et al, 1991;Rouge-Pont et al, 1993;Pruessner et al, 2004), it appears to promote generalized behavioral arousal under both positive as well as negative emotional conditions, perhaps in terms best conceptualized as the seeking of safety (Ikemoto & Panksepp, 1999).…”

Section: The Mesolimbic Dopamine (Ml-da) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since DA is also released in response to aversive stimuli and stress (Abercombie et al, 1989;Puglisi-Allegra et al, 1991;Rouge-Pont et al, 1993;Pruessner et al, 2004), it appears to promote generalized behavioral arousal under both positive as well as negative emotional conditions, perhaps in terms best conceptualized as the seeking of safety (Ikemoto & Panksepp, 1999). Moreover, the ML-DA system has recently been recognized for its role in the determination of personality traits, including "novelty" or "sensation" seeking (Bardo et al, 1996;Zuckerman, 1990), "extraversion" (Depue & Collins, 1999), and "impulsivity" (Cardinal et al, 2004).…”

Section: The Mesolimbic Dopamine (Ml-da) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The "psychomotor activation" hypothesis (Wise & Bozarth, 1987), the "behavioral activation system" hypothesis (Gray, 1995), the "behavioral facilitation" hypothesis (Depue & Collins, 1999), the "SEEKING system hypothesis" (Panksepp, 1981;Ikemoto & Panksepp, 1999), the "wanting" hypothesis (Berridge & Robinson, 1998), and the "effortregulation" hypothesis (Salamone & Correa, 2002;Salamone et al, 2003) all acknowledge a motivational interpretation of ML-DA functioning. They share a common perspective based on the classic distinction between appetitive and consummatory phases of motivated behaviors (Sherrington, 1906;Craig, 1918), and with relatively minor differences, consider the DA system as a fundamental drive for the expression of appetitive-approach behaviors.…”

Section: The Mesolimbic Dopamine (Ml-da) Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral functions of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system: An affective neuroethological perspective

Alcaro

Huber

Panksepp

2007

Brain Research Reviews

Self Cite

516

294

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The mesolimbic dopaminergic (ML-DA) system has been recognized for its central role in motivated behaviors, various types of reward, and, more recently, in cognitive processes. Functional theories have emphasized DA's involvement in the orchestration of goal-directed behaviors, and in the promotion and reinforcement of learning. The affective neuroethological perspective presented here, views the ML-DA system in terms of its ability to activate an instinctual emotional appetitive state (SEEKING) evolved to induce organisms to search for all varieties of life-supporting stimuli and to avoid harms.A description of the anatomical framework in which the ML system is embedded is followed by the argument that the SEEKING disposition emerges through functional integration of ventral basal ganglia (BG) into thalamocortical activities. Filtering cortical and limbic input that spread into BG, DA transmission promotes the "release" of neural activity patterns that induce active SEEKING behaviors when expressed at the motor level. Reverberation of these patterns constitutes a neurodynamic process for the inclusion of cognitive and perceptual representations within the extended networks of the SEEKING urge. In this way, the SEEKING disposition influences attention, incentive salience, associative learning, and anticipatory predictions.In our view, the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse are, in part, caused by the activation of the SEEKING disposition, ranging from appetitive drive to persistent craving depending on the intensity of the affect. The implications of such a view for understanding addiction are considered, with particular emphasis on factors predisposing individuals to develop compulsive drug seeking behaviors.

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Neuroanatomy of human appetitive function: A positron emission tomography investigation

Gordon

Dougherty

Rauch

et al. 2000

Int. J. Eat. Disord.

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Objective The mediating neuroanatomy of human appetitive function is poorly understood. A state induction paradigm was employed, in conjunction with positron emission tomography, to test the hypothesis that limbic/paralimbic regions respond to the desirability of food stimuli. Methods Eight normal subjects were studied during each of three conditions, involving visual exposure to high‐caloric food, low‐caloric food, and nonfood stimuli. Subjective indices of hunger were measured via analog scales. Results Planned contrasts demonstrated significant increases in desire to eat and decreases in left temporoinsular cortical blood flow during the high‐caloric versus control conditions. Discussion Results implicate the temporo‐insular cortex in normal appetitive function, suggesting that activity within this region is associated with the desirability or valence of food stimuli, prior to ingestion. These data will provide a broad foundation for future studies of patients with eating disorders. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 27: 163–171, 2000.

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The relationship between self-stimulation and sniffing in rats: does a common brain system mediate these behaviors?

Cited by 48 publications

References 60 publications

Rapid and Precise Control of Sniffing During Olfactory Discrimination in Rats

Rapid and Precise Control of Sniffing During Olfactory Discrimination in Rats

Behavioral functions of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system: An affective neuroethological perspective

Neuroanatomy of human appetitive function: A positron emission tomography investigation

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