Rapid and Precise Control of Sniffing During Olfactory Discrimination in Rats

Kepecs, Ádám; Uchida, Naoshige; Mainen, Zachary F.

doi:10.1152/jn.00071.2007

Cited by 188 publications

(234 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

207

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prominent theta-band oscillations are found in the OB as well, associated with sniffing and odor discrimination and suggested to function as a basic cycle of olfactory sampling (Kepecs et al, 2007;Verhagen et al, 2007). In line with this rhythmic input from early olfactory areas, we found that, in OFC, O-cells that discriminate between odors carry most of the observed thetaband phase-locking (Fig.…”

Section: Gamma-band Phase-locking In Ofcsupporting

confidence: 78%

Learning-Associated Gamma-Band Phase-Locking of Action–Outcome Selective Neurons in Orbitofrontal Cortex

Wingerden¹,

Vinck²,

Lankelma³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gamma oscillations (30 -100 Hz) correlate to a variety of neural functions, including sensory processing, attention, and action selection. However, they have barely been studied in relation to emotional processing and valuation of sensory signals and actions. We conducted multineuron and local field potential recordings in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of rats performing a task in which they made go or no-go decisions based on two olfactory stimuli predicting appetitive or aversive outcomes.Gamma power was strongest during the late phase of odor sampling, just before go/no-go movement, and increased with behavioral learning. Learning speed was correlated to the slope of the gamma power increment. Spikes of OFC neurons were consistently timed to the gamma rhythm during odor sampling, regardless of the associated outcome. However, only a specific subgroup of cells showed consistent phase timing. These cells showed action-outcome selective activity, not during stimulus sampling but during subsequent movement responses. During sampling, this subgroup displayed a suppression in firing rate but a concurrent increment in the consistency of spike timing relative to gamma oscillations.In addition to gamma rhythm, OFC field potentials were characterized by theta oscillations during odor sampling. Neurons phaselocked to either theta or gamma rhythms but not to both, suggesting that they become associated with separate rhythmic networks involving OFC. Altogether, these results suggest that OFC gamma-band synchronization reflects inhibitory control over a subpopulation of neurons that express information about the emotional valence of actions after a motor decision, which suggests a novel mechanism for response inhibition.

show abstract

Section: Gamma-band Phase-locking In Ofcsupporting

confidence: 78%

Learning-Associated Gamma-Band Phase-Locking of Action–Outcome Selective Neurons in Orbitofrontal Cortex

Wingerden¹,

Vinck²,

Lankelma³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In general, the sniffing behaviour observed here is highly dynamic 18,19 . Interestingly, the frequencies observed during odour tracking are much higher than the ~8 Hz observed during odour-based discriminations in morecontrolled odour sampling tasks in rats 15,18 . This higher 11-12-Hz sniffing has been observed in these previous studies but it occurred only during the period of reward anticipation.…”

Section: Rats Track Various Odour Trails Accuratelymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…First, the sniffing frequency is on an average at 10-12 Hz, the highest sniffing frequency reported across rats and mice 18,19 . This finding clears doubts about the use of this high-frequency sniffing in a relevant context 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rats track odour trails accurately using a multi-layered strategy with near-optimal sampling

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tracking odour trails is a crucial behaviour for many animals, often leading to food, mates or away from danger. It is an excellent example of active sampling, where the animal itself controls how to sense the environment. Here we show that rats can track odour trails accurately with near-optimal sampling. We trained rats to follow odour trails drawn on paper spooled through a treadmill. By recording local field potentials (LFPs) from the olfactory bulb, and sniffing rates, we find that sniffing but not LFPs differ between tracking and non-tracking conditions. Rats can track odours within ~1 cm, and this accuracy is degraded when one nostril is closed. moreover, they show path prediction on encountering a fork, wide 'casting' sweeps on encountering a gap and detection of reappearance of the trail in 1-2 sniffs. We suggest that rats use a multi-layered strategy, and achieve efficient sampling and high accuracy in this complex task.

show abstract

“…The role of sniffing in olfaction has been extensively investigated using electrophysiological recordings in the OE (Mozell et al, 1991;Kent et al, 1996;Scott et al, 2006), in vivo imaging in the OB (Verhagen et al, 2007), and behavioral experiments (Laing, 1982;Kepecs et al, 2007). In the current study, we investigated two parameters involved in the sniffing behavior, sniffing frequency and airflow rate, and examined their effects on the in vivo response of glomeruli whose OR pharmacology has been well defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Airflow Rate Affects the Sensitivity and Pattern of Glomerular Odorant Responses in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb

Oka¹,

Tokura²,

Touhara³

2009

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sniffing is a characteristic odor sampling behavior in various mammalian species, which is associated with an increase in both nasal airflow rate and breathing frequency. Although the importance of sniffing in olfaction is well recognized, it has been challenging to separate the effect of airflow rate and sniffing frequency in vivo. In this study, we examined the individual effects of airflow rate and frequency on odorant responses of glomeruli in the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) using calcium imaging techniques and an artificial sniffing system. We found that nasal airflow rate, but not sniffing frequency, affected the apparent glomerular responses. When measured using OB imaging, apparent sensitivity for some of the odorants was significantly greater at the high nasal flow rates, while other odorants exhibited the opposite effect. In a single defined glomerulus, the sensitivity shift caused by changes in flow rate varied between odorants, suggesting that the flow rate effect is dependent on the chemical properties of an odorant rather than on the specific characteristics of the expressed olfactory receptor. Using natural flavors containing a variety of odorants, different glomerular activation patterns were observed between breathing and sniffing condition, likely due to odorant-dependent flow rate effects. Our results provide important information on in vivo odorant recognition and suggest that odor representation in the OB is not fixed but rather varies significantly depending on the respiratory state.

show abstract

Rapid and Precise Control of Sniffing During Olfactory Discrimination in Rats

Cited by 188 publications

References 49 publications

Learning-Associated Gamma-Band Phase-Locking of Action–Outcome Selective Neurons in Orbitofrontal Cortex

Learning-Associated Gamma-Band Phase-Locking of Action–Outcome Selective Neurons in Orbitofrontal Cortex

Rats track odour trails accurately using a multi-layered strategy with near-optimal sampling

Nasal Airflow Rate Affects the Sensitivity and Pattern of Glomerular Odorant Responses in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About