The relationship between power and the time to achieve &amp;OV0312;O2max

Hill, David W.; Poole, David C.; Smith, J. C.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200204000-00023

Cited by 135 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As a result, the dynamic behaviour of pulmonary gas exchange (and especially V O 2 ) and blood acid Ábase status (which is conveniently tracked using measurements of blood lactate concentration) during constant-load exercise has been used to define three exercise intensity domains, namely moderate, heavy, and severe (Table I). A fourth exercise intensity domain, extreme exercise, has been suggested to account for power outputs at which exhaustion occurs before V O 2max is attained (Hill, Poole, & Smith, 2002). The present review will concentrate on the exercise intensity spectrum encompassing moderate, heavy, and severe exercise, since the vast majority of experimental work has been conducted at these intensities.…”

Section: Exercise Intensity Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this example, even a small V O 2 slow component (runner 2) increases the energy cost of marathon running by a substantial amount (340 kJ). rise to its maximum value and exhaustion will occur soon thereafter (Hill et al ., 2002;Poole et al ., 1988 Noakes, & Lambert, 1995). Similarly, the V O 2max (the highest rate at which adenosine triphosphate can be re-synthesized through oxidative processes) will be highly correlated with endurance performance, as attested to by a wealth of studies (e.g.…”

Section: Exercise Intensity Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Burnley

Jones

2007

European Journal of Sport Science

349

344

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It is well known that physiological variables such as maximal oxygen uptake (V O 2max ), exercise economy, the lactate threshold, and critical power are highly correlated with endurance exercise performance. In this review, we explore the basis for these relationships by explaining the influence of these ''traditional'' variables on the dynamic profiles of the V O 2 response to exercise of different intensities, and how these differences in V O 2 dynamics are related to exercise tolerance and fatigue. The existence of a ''slow component'' of V O 2 during exercise above the lactate threshold reduces exercise efficiency and mandates a greater consumption of endogenous fuel stores (chiefly muscle glycogen) for muscle respiration. For higher exercise intensities (above critical power), steady states in blood acid Ábase status and pulmonary gas exchange are not attainable and V O 2 will increase with time until V O 2max is reached. Here, we show that it is the interaction of the V O 2 slow component, V O 2max , and the ''anaerobic capacity'' that determines the exercise tolerance. Essentially, we take the view that an appreciation of the various exercise intensity ''domains'' and their characteristic effects on V O 2 dynamics can be helpful in improving our understanding of the determinants of exercise tolerance and the limitations to endurance sports performance. The reciprocal effects of interventions such as training, prior exercise, and manipulations of muscle oxygen availability on aspects of V O 2 kinetics and exercise tolerance are consistent with this view.

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Section: Exercise Intensity Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exercise Intensity Domainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Burnley

Jones

2007

European Journal of Sport Science

349

344

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…24, 55), and whose origin has been demonstrated to reside predominantly within the working musculature (39,43,46). CP is thought to be equivalent to the highest work rate for which a steady-state of V O 2 , [L Ϫ ]a, and acidic pHa can be achieved [22,40,55; although see Housh et al (23) for an alternative view] and may, therefore, be regarded as reflecting a rate of aerobic energy pool reconstitution that dictates the maximum power that can be sustained without a progressively increasing anaerobic contribution (35,40,56). Above CP, V O 2 continues to increase to or toward V O 2max (7, 13), with the limit of tolerance typically attained when V O 2max is reached or soon thereafter (reviewed in Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of prior very-heavy intensity exercise on indices of aerobic function and high-intensity exercise tolerance

Ferguson

Whipp²,

Cathcart³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Ferguson C, Whipp BJ, Cathcart AJ, Rossiter HB, Turner AP, Ward SA. Effects of prior very-heavy intensity exercise on indices of aerobic function and high-intensity exercise tolerance. J Appl Physiol 103: [812][813][814][815][816][817][818][819][820][821][822] 2007. First published May 31, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01410.2006.-A recent bout of high-intensity exercise can alter the balance of aerobic and anaerobic energy provision during subsequent exercise above the lactate threshold ( L). However, it remains uncertain whether such "priming" influences the tolerable duration of subsequent exercise through changes in the parameters of aerobic function [e.g., L, maximum oxygen uptake (V O2max)] and/or the hyperbolic power-duration (P-t) relationship [critical power (CP) and the curvature constant (WЈ)]. We therefore studied six men performing cycle ergometry to the limit of tolerance; gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath and arterialized capillary blood [lactate] was measured at designated intervals. On different days, each subject completed 1) an incremental test (15 W/min) for estimation of L and measurement of the functional gain (⌬V O2/ ⌬WR) and V O2peak and 2) four constant-load tests at different work rates (WR) for estimation of CP, WЈ, and V O2max. All tests were subsequently repeated with a preceding 6-min supra-CP priming bout and an intervening 2-min 20-W recovery. The hyperbolicity of the P-t relationship was retained postpriming, with no significant difference in CP (241 Ϯ 39 vs. 242 Ϯ 36 W, post-vs. prepriming), V O2max (3.97 Ϯ 0.34 vs. 3.93 Ϯ 0.38 l/min), ⌬V O2/⌬WR (10.7 Ϯ 0.3 vs. 11.1 Ϯ 0.4 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ W Ϫ1 ), or the fundamental V O2 time constant (25.6 Ϯ 3.5 vs. 28.3 Ϯ 5.4 s). WЈ (10.61 Ϯ 2.07 vs. 16.13 Ϯ 2.33 kJ) and the tolerable duration of supra-CP exercise (Ϫ33 Ϯ 11%) were each significantly reduced, despite a less-prominent V O2 slow component. These results suggest that, following supra-CP priming, there is either a reduced depletable energy resource or a residual fatiguemetabolite level that leads to the tolerable limit before this resource is fully depleted. power-duration relationship; WЈ; oxygen uptake kinetics; slow component; lactate threshold THE TOLERABLE DURATION of muscular exercise, such as cycling or running, is dependent on both the limit (i.e., V O 2max ) and the contour (i.e., V O 2 kinetics) of the oxygen uptake (V O 2 ) response profile. The phase 2 (or fundamental) V O 2 kinetics during constant-load cycle ergometer exercise have been shown to reflect those of muscle O 2 consumption [following a short, transit delay, i.e., phase 1 (3, 20)], with V O 2 attaining a steady state with first-order exponential kinetics. Moderateintensity work rates [i.e., below the lactate threshold ( L )] are highly sustainable, there being no sustained arterial lactate concentration ([L Ϫ ]a) increase (reviewed in Refs. 24, 55). For heavy-intensity work rates that lie between L and critical power [CP; i.e., the power asymptote of the power-duration (P-t) relationship], the emerg...

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“…Todavia, no presente estudo, os tempos-limites (Figura 1) situaram-se entre ~116 s (primeira preditiva) e ~721 s (terceira preditiva), que estão em conformidade com as sugestões de Hill et al 31 e Greco et al 32 para as preditivas de VC (ou PC). Assim, apesar da possibilidade de VC ter sido superestimada, os procedimentos atenderam aos critérios estabelecidos na literatura e apresentaram valores baixos de EPE (Figura 1).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Resposta Fisiológica E Perceptual Na Velocidade Crítica E Ponto De Compensação Respiratória

Massini

Filho

Caritá

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Artigo originAl Original article artículO Original RESUMOIntrodução: O ponto de compensação respiratória (PCR) representa a taxa metabólica durante um teste incremental máximo, a partir da qual se perde o controle do equilíbrio ácido-base. Entretanto, a velocidade crítica (VC) define o limite superior do domínio pesado do exercício, no qual a exaustão não está relacionada à perturbação metabólica. Objetivo: Comparar a resposta fisiológica (frequência cardíaca -FC, lactato sanguíneo -[La] e consumo de oxigênio -V̇O 2 ) e perceptual (percepção subjetiva de esforço -PSE) durante o exercício na VC e no PCR, visando analisar as similaridades contextuais. Métodos: Dez corredores adolescentes (15,8 ± 1,7 anos) submeteram-se a um teste progressivo (incrementos de 1,0 km×h -1 por minuto, até a exaustão) para determinar V̇O 2max , PCR e velocidades correspondentes. A VC foi estimada por três esforços, com tempo limite previsto entre 2 e 12 minutos. Os participantes realizaram dois esforços de sete minutos cada, em dias diferentes, na VC e vPCR. Foram registradas FC, PSE (escala 6-20) a cada minuto e [La] de repouso e após cada esforço. O V̇O 2 foi analisado respiração a respiração durante os esforços. O teste de Mann-Whitney comparou as respostas de FC, [La], V̇O 2 e PSE em VC e vPCR. A variância entre essas respostas foi analisada pelo coeficiente de dispersão (R 2 ). O índice de significância foi P≤0,05. Resultados: Os valores máximos no teste progressivo foram 56,1 ± 5,5 ml×kg -1 ×min -1 (V̇O 2max ), 16,5 ± 1,7 km×h -1 (vV̇O 2max ), 202 ± 12 bpm (FC max ), 19,4 ± 1,3 (PSE) e 12,7 ± 3,1 mmol×L -1 ([La]). Não foram observadas diferenças entre VC (a 83,8 ± 3,6% vV̇O 2max ) e vPCR (a 86,5 ± 3,6% vV̇O 2max ) nas respostas de PSE (P = 0,761), FC (P = 0,096), [La] (P = 0,104) e V̇O 2 (P = 0,364). Demonstrou-se haver correlações entre VC e vPCR nas respostas de [La] (R 2 = 0,76; P = 0,011), PSE (R 2 = 0,84; P < 0,01) e V̇O 2max (R 2 = 0,82; P < 0,01). Conclusão: Pode-se inferir que o exercício em PCR reproduziu uma resposta fisiológica e perceptual similar àquela em VC.Descritores: consumo de oxigênio; frequência cardíaca; ácido láctico; exercício. ABSTRACT Introduction: The respiratory compensation point (RCP) is the metabolic rate for a maximal incremental test, from which the control of the acid-base balance is lost. However, the critical velocity (CV) defines the upper limit of the heavy exercise domain, in which the

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The relationship between power and the time to achieve &OV0312;O2max

Cited by 135 publications

References 9 publications

Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance

Effects of prior very-heavy intensity exercise on indices of aerobic function and high-intensity exercise tolerance

Resposta Fisiológica E Perceptual Na Velocidade Crítica E Ponto De Compensação Respiratória

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