Effects of prior very-heavy intensity exercise on indices of aerobic function and high-intensity exercise tolerance

Abstract

Ferguson C, Whipp BJ, Cathcart AJ, Rossiter HB, Turner AP, Ward SA. Effects of prior very-heavy intensity exercise on indices of aerobic function and high-intensity exercise tolerance. J Appl Physiol 103: [812][813][814][815][816][817][818][819][820][821][822] 2007. First published May 31, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01410.2006.-A recent bout of high-intensity exercise can alter the balance of aerobic and anaerobic energy provision during subsequent exercise above the lactate threshold ( L). However, it remains uncertain whether such "priming" influences the tolerable duration of subsequent exercise through changes in the parameters of aerobic function [e.g., L, maximum oxygen uptake (V O2max)] and/or the hyperbolic power-duration (P-t) relationship [critical power (CP) and the curvature constant (WЈ)]. We therefore studied six men performing cycle ergometry to the limit of tolerance; gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath and arterialized capillary blood [lactate] was measured at designated intervals. On different days, each subject completed 1) an incremental test (15 W/min) for estimation of L and measurement of the functional gain (⌬V O2/ ⌬WR) and V O2peak and 2) four constant-load tests at different work rates (WR) for estimation of CP, WЈ, and V O2max. All tests were subsequently repeated with a preceding 6-min supra-CP priming bout and an intervening 2-min 20-W recovery. The hyperbolicity of the P-t relationship was retained postpriming, with no significant difference in CP (241 Ϯ 39 vs. 242 Ϯ 36 W, post-vs. prepriming), V O2max (3.97 Ϯ 0.34 vs. 3.93 Ϯ 0.38 l/min), ⌬V O2/⌬WR (10.7 Ϯ 0.3 vs. 11.1 Ϯ 0.4 ml ⅐ min Ϫ1 ⅐ W Ϫ1 ), or the fundamental V O2 time constant (25.6 Ϯ 3.5 vs. 28.3 Ϯ 5.4 s). WЈ (10.61 Ϯ 2.07 vs. 16.13 Ϯ 2.33 kJ) and the tolerable duration of supra-CP exercise (Ϫ33 Ϯ 11%) were each significantly reduced, despite a less-prominent V O2 slow component. These results suggest that, following supra-CP priming, there is either a reduced depletable energy resource or a residual fatiguemetabolite level that leads to the tolerable limit before this resource is fully depleted. power-duration relationship; WЈ; oxygen uptake kinetics; slow component; lactate threshold THE TOLERABLE DURATION of muscular exercise, such as cycling or running, is dependent on both the limit (i.e., V O 2max ) and the contour (i.e., V O 2 kinetics) of the oxygen uptake (V O 2 ) response profile. The phase 2 (or fundamental) V O 2 kinetics during constant-load cycle ergometer exercise have been shown to reflect those of muscle O 2 consumption [following a short, transit delay, i.e., phase 1 (3, 20)], with V O 2 attaining a steady state with first-order exponential kinetics. Moderateintensity work rates [i.e., below the lactate threshold ( L )] are highly sustainable, there being no sustained arterial lactate concentration ([L Ϫ ]a) increase (reviewed in Refs. 24, 55). For heavy-intensity work rates that lie between L and critical power [CP; i.e., the power asymptote of the power-duration (P-t) relationship], the emerg...

A single test for the determination of parameters of the speed–time relationship for running

“…The 1/time model has commonly been utilized for parameter determination (Brickley et al, 2002, Ferguson et al, 2007, Ferguson et al, 2010, Pringle and Jones, 2002 …”

“…CP is associated with the muscle's aerobic power (Gaesser and Wilson, 1988, Gaesser et al, 1995, Jenkins and Quigley, 1992, McLellan and Cheung, 1992, Miura et al, 1999, Miura et al, 2000, Moritani et al, 1981, Moritani et al, 1981, Poole et al, 1990, while W` represents predominantly 'anaerobic' characteristics (Ferguson et al, 2007, Ferguson et al, 2010, Gaesser and Wilson, 1988, Jenkins and Quigley, 1992, Miura et al, 1999, Miura et al, 2000, Moritani et al, 1981, Poole et al, 1990 and is determined, in part, by intramuscular energy stores of phosphate, glycogen, and oxygen (Miura et al, 1999, Miura et al, 2000, Monod and Scherrer, 1965 as well as by accumulation of fatigue-inducing metabolites (Coats et al, 2003, Ferguson et al, 2007. CP demarcates the heavy-severe domain boundary in that, at or below CP a general steady state is achieved , Poole et al, 1988 , Poole et al, 1988.…”

Influence of blood flow occlusion on muscle oxygenation characteristics and the parameters of the power-duration relationship

“…It is also evident that W= is a constant term that determines the limit of exercise tolerance (T lim ) for severe-intensity exercise (21, 55). Intramuscular energy stores (35,36,38), the accumulation of fatigue-inducing metabolites (7,18,21,28), and/or the magnitude of the severe-intensity domain (5, 51) have all been postulated to determine W=. Building evidence supports that complete utilization of W= is associated with consistent muscle phosphocreatine ([PCr]), inorganic phosphate ([P i ]), and hydrogen ion concentration ([H ϩ ]) perturbations, which may limit the amount of work performed above CP (28,43,51).…”

Influence of duration and intensity of warm-up sessions on the performance among short distance swimmers

“…Furthermore, there are no many clear evidences about the recovery period between warm-up and the performance. From the results from this study and many others already existing evidences it can be said that the recovery period between high intense swimming during warmup and performance should be long enough or there is going to be visible drop in the results (Bishop, 2003;Ferguson et al, 2007;Palmer et al, 2009). In the case of this study, very short recovery period after high intense swimming caused drop in the performance, compared to the 100 meters swim performed after sessions with low intensity swimming.…”

“…Some previous studies showed that very short recovery time between warm-up session and the performance can cause dropping in the performance if the warm-up session was at higher level of intensity (Burnley et al, 2005;Ferguson et al, 2007). As many authors suggest, for removing lactic acid from the blood it is necessary to pass some time or to spend that time in easy swimming or massage (Bishop, 2003;Hoffman, 2002;Maglischo, 2003).…”