A single test for the determination of parameters of the speed–time relationship for running

Broxterman, Ryan M.; Ade, Carl J.; Poole, David C.; Harms, Craig A.; Barstow, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2012.08.024

Cited by 46 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(85 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For high‐intensity exercise the critical speed (or power) represents an important metabolic rate where exercise performed above critical speed/power systematically drives toward its maximum value (Poole et al . 1988; Broxterman et al . 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle fibre‐type dependence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase‐mediated vascular control in the rat during high speed treadmill running

Copp

Holdsworth

Ferguson

et al. 2013

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key points• Neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) inhibition does not impact skeletal muscle blood flow or vascular conductance (VC) during low-speed (20 m min −1 ) treadmill running.• This may be due to the fact that low exercise intensities recruit primarily oxidative muscle and that nNOS-derived NO contributes to vascular control primarily within glycolytic muscle.• Rats ran in the severe-intensity domain at 15% above critical speed (an important glycolytic fast-twitch fibre recruitment boundary in the rat) before and after selective nNOS inhibition with S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC).• SMTC reduced blood flow and VC during supra-critical speed treadmill running (52.5 ± 1.3 m min −1 ) with the greatest proportional reductions observed in glycolytic fast-twitch compared to oxidative slow-and fast-twitch muscle. There were no effects of SMTC on muscle blood flow or VC during low-speed running (20 m min −1 ).• The present data reveal important fibre-type-and exercise intensity-dependent peripheral vascular effects of nNOS-derived NO during whole-body exercise.Abstract We have recently shown that nitric oxide (NO) derived from neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) does not contribute to the hyperaemic response within rat hindlimb skeletal muscle during low-speed treadmill running. This may be attributed to low exercise intensities recruiting primarily oxidative muscle and that vascular effects of nNOS-derived NO are manifest principally within glycolytic muscle. We tested the hypothesis that selective nNOS inhibition via S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC) would reduce rat hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow and vascular conductance (VC) during high-speed treadmill running above critical speed (asymptote of the hyperbolic speed versus time-to-exhaustion relationship for high-speed running and an important glycolytic fast-twitch fibre recruitment boundary in the rat) principally within glycolytic fast-twitch muscle. Six rats performed three high-speed treadmill runs to exhaustion to determine critical speed. Subsequently, hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow (radiolabelled microspheres) and VC (blood flow/mean arterial pressure) were determined during supra-critical speed treadmill running (critical speed + 15%, 52.5 ± 1.3 m min −1 ) before (control) and after selective nNOS inhibition with 0.56 mg kg −1 SMTC. SMTC reduced total hindlimb skeletal muscle blood flow (control: 241 ± 23, SMTC: 204 ± 13 ml min −1 (100 g) −1 , P < 0.05) and VC (control: 1.88 ± 0.20, SMTC: 1.48 ± 0.13 ml min −1 (100 g) −1 mmHg −1 , P < 0.05) during high-speed running. The relative reductions in blood flow and VC were greater in the highly glycolytic muscles and muscle parts consisting of 100% type IIb+d/x fibres compared to the highly oxidative muscles and muscle parts consisting of ≤35% type IIb+d/x muscle fibres (P < 0.05). These results C

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle fibre‐type dependence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase‐mediated vascular control in the rat during high speed treadmill running

Copp

Holdsworth

Ferguson

et al. 2013

The Journal of Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A constant W= also implies that intracellular pathways for energy production are unaltered, if indeed similar intramuscular metabolic perturbations do occur for the complete utilization of W= across interventions. Thus blood flow occlusion exercise is a unique model to empirically test the statement of Monod and Scherrer (38), while providing further insight into the mechanisms determining the power-duration relationship.Exercise across work rates within the severe-intensity domain (42) is characterized by the concomitant progressive increases in oxygen uptake (V O 2 ) and blood flow, the depletion of intramuscular [PCr], and the accumulation of [P i ] and [H ϩ ], all of which achieve similar values at the T lim (3,9,28,32,38,43,49,51 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exercise across work rates within the severe-intensity domain (42) is characterized by the concomitant progressive increases in oxygen uptake (V O 2 ) and blood flow, the depletion of intramuscular [PCr], and the accumulation of [P i ] and [H ϩ ], all of which achieve similar values at the T lim (3,9,28,32,38,43,49,51 ] at T lim during knee-extension exercise are independent of augmented O 2 delivery via inspired hyperoxic gas. Consistent with these muscle physiological responses being independent of O 2 delivery, similar skeletal muscle electromyography (EMG) characteristics are expressed between normoxic and hypoxic exercise (15,41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of blood flow occlusion on muscle oxygenation characteristics and the parameters of the power-duration relationship

Broxterman

Ade

Craig

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Broxterman RM, Ade CJ, Craig JC, Wilcox SL, Schlup SJ, Barstow TJ. Influence of blood flow occlusion on muscle oxygenation characteristics and the parameters of the power-duration relationship. J Appl Physiol 118: 880 -889, 2015. First published February 6, 2015 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00875.2014.-It was previously (Monod H, Scherrer J. Ergonomics 8: 329 -338, 1965 postulated that blood flow occlusion during exercise would reduce critical power (CP) to 0 Watts (W), while not altering the curvature constant (W=). We empirically assessed the influence of blood flow occlusion on CP, W=, and muscle oxygenation characteristics. Ten healthy men (age: 24.8 Ϯ 2.6 yr; height: 180 Ϯ 5 cm; weight: 84.6 Ϯ 10.1 kg) completed four constant-power handgrip exercise tests during both control blood flow (control) and blood flow occlusion (occlusion) for the determination of the power-duration relationship. Occlusion CP (Ϫ0.7 Ϯ 0.4 W) was significantly (P Ͻ 0.001) lower than control CP (4.1 Ϯ 0.7 W) and significantly (P Ͻ 0.001) lower than 0 W. Occlusion W= (808 Ϯ 155 J) was significantly (P Ͻ 0.001) different from control W= (558 Ϯ 129 J), and all 10 subjects demonstrated an increased occlusion W= with a mean increase of ϳ49%. The present findings support the aerobic nature of CP. The findings also demonstrate that the amount of work that can be performed above CP is constant for a given condition, but can vary across conditions. Moreover, this amount of work that can be performed above CP does not appear to be the determinant of W=, but rather a consequence of the depletion of intramuscular energy stores and/or the accumulation of fatigue-inducing metabolites, which limit exercise tolerance and determine W=. critical power; curvature constant; oxygen delivery; muscle ischemia THE ROBUST NATURE OF THE power-duration relationship (and its equivalents for other modes of exercise) has been well established (26, 27, 52). Nevertheless, the precise physiological mechanisms of the curvature constant (W=), and to a lesser degree critical power (CP), have remained elusive. The growing body of evidence supports that CP represents the highest attainable steady state for aerobic energy production without continually drawing on W= and, as such, demarcates the boundary between the heavy-and severe-intensity exercise domains (4,12,38,39,42,51). It is also evident that W= is a constant term that determines the limit of exercise tolerance (T lim ) for severe-intensity exercise (21, 55). Intramuscular energy stores (35,36,38), the accumulation of fatigue-inducing metabolites (7,18,21,28), and/or the magnitude of the severe-intensity domain (5, 51) have all been postulated to determine W=. Building evidence supports that complete utilization of W= is associated with consistent muscle phosphocreatine ([PCr]), inorganic phosphate ([P i ]), and hydrogen ion concentration ([H ϩ ]) perturbations, which may limit the amount of work performed above CP (28,43,51). Additionally, the rate of W= utilization (but not the magnitude of W=) is influenced by mani...

show abstract

“…It turns out that experimental approaches to obtaining complete power-to-duration profiles are a challenging task: several maximum exercise tests in the relevant time domains are needed to form the basis for comprehensive curve fitting. This makes routine applications of power-to-duration analyses virtually impossible, and might be the major reason why modeling approaches have been developed to predict the power duration relationship from ordinary test procedures [51,52]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between movement speed and duration during soccer matches

Röecker¹,

Mahler²,

Heyde³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between the time duration of movement (t(dur)) and related maximum possible power output has been studied and modeled under many conditions. Inspired by the so-called power profiles known for discontinuous endurance sports like cycling, and the critical power concept of Monod and Scherrer, the aim of this study was to evaluate the numerical characteristics of the function between maximum horizontal movement velocity (HSpeed) and t(dur) in soccer. To evaluate this relationship, GPS data from 38 healthy soccer players and 82 game participations (≥30 min active playtime) were used to select maximum HSpeed for 21 distinct t(dur) values (between 0.3 s and 2,700 s) based on moving medians with an incremental t(dur) window-size. As a result, the relationship between HSpeed and Log(t(dur)) appeared reproducibly as a sigmoidal decay function, and could be fitted to a five-parameter equation with upper and lower asymptotes, and an inflection point, power and decrease rate. Thus, the first three parameters described individual characteristics if evaluated using mixed-model analysis. This study shows for the first time the general numerical relationship between t(dur) and HSpeed in soccer games. In contrast to former descriptions that have evaluated speed against power, HSpeed against t(dur) always yields a sigmoidal shape with a new upper asymptote. The evaluated curve fit potentially describes the maximum moving speed of individual players during the game, and allows for concise interpretations of the functional state of team sports athletes.

show abstract

A single test for the determination of parameters of the speed–time relationship for running

Cited by 46 publications

References 52 publications

Muscle fibre‐type dependence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase‐mediated vascular control in the rat during high speed treadmill running

Muscle fibre‐type dependence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase‐mediated vascular control in the rat during high speed treadmill running

Influence of blood flow occlusion on muscle oxygenation characteristics and the parameters of the power-duration relationship

The relationship between movement speed and duration during soccer matches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About